Abstract Due to superradiant instabilities, clouds of ultralight bosons can spontaneously grow around rotating black holes, creating so-called “gravitational atoms”. In this work, we study their dynamical effects on binary systems. We first focus open orbits, showing that the presence a cloud increase cross section for capture compact object by more than an order magnitude. then consider closed orbits and demonstrate backreaction cloud's ionization orbital motion should be identified as...

Spinning black holes can transfer a significant fraction of their energy to ultralight bosonic fields via superradiance, condensing them in corotating structure or ``cloud.'' This mechanism turns into powerful particle detectors for bosons with extremely feeble interactions. To explore its full potential, the couplings between such particles and Maxwell field presence plasma need be understood. In this work, we study these using numerical relativity. We first focus on coupled axion-Maxwell...

Our Universe is permeated with interstellar plasma, which prevents propagation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves. Here, we show that two dramatic consequences arise out such suppression; (i) if plasma permeates the light ring a black hole, modes are screened entirely from gravitational-wave signal, changing hole spectroscopy paradigm; (ii) near vacuum cavity formed close to charged as expected for equal-mass mergers, ringdown ``echoes'' excited. The amplitude echoes decays slowly and...

Superradiant clouds of ultralight bosons can leave an imprint on the gravitational waveform black hole binaries through "ionization" and "resonances." We study sequence resonances as binary evolves show that there are only two possible outcomes, each with a distinct waveform. If cloud nearly counterrotating, then survives in its original state until it enters sensitivity band future wave detectors, such Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. In all other cases, destroy while driving to corotate...

Stationary, asymptotically flat, black hole solutions of the vacuum field equations General Relativity belong to Kerr family. But how does one approach this state, dynamically? Linearized fluctuations decay at late times, fixed spatial position, as a Price power law for generic initial conditions. However, little attention was paid forced and nonlinear spacetimes, where matter nonlinearities play role. We uncover new, source-driven tail governing waves generated by pointlike nonlinearities,...

Future gravitational wave observatories open a unique avenue to study the environments surrounding black holes. Intermediate or extreme mass ratio inspirals will spend thousands millions of cycles in sensitivity range detectors, allowing subtle environmental effects accumulate waveform. Working Lorenz gauge and considering equatorial circular orbits, we present first self-consistent, fully relativistic calculation perturbation hole environment due an inspiraling secondary Kerr geometry. As...

The ringdown phase following a binary black hole coalescence is powerful tool for measuring properties of the remnant hole. Future gravitational wave detectors will increase precision these measurements and may be sensitive to environment surrounding This work examines how environments affect from coalescence. Our analysis shows that astrophysical parameters sensitivity planned detectors, signal indistinguishable its vacuum counterpart, suggesting ringdown-only analyses can reliably extract...

In models of minicharged dark matter associated with a hidden $U(1)$ symmetry, astrophysical black holes may acquire ``dark'' charge, in such way that the inspiral dynamics binary can be formally described by an Einstein-Maxwell theory. Charges enter gravitational wave signal predominantly through dipole term, but their effect is known to effectively first post-Newtonian order phase, which enables measuring size charge-to-mass ratios $|{q}_{i}/{m}_{i}|$, $i=1$, 2, individual binary. We set...

Future gravitational wave interferometers such as LISA, Taiji, DECIGO, and TianQin, will enable precision studies of the environment surrounding black holes. In this paper, we study intermediate extreme mass ratio binary hole inspirals, consider three possible environments primary hole: accretion disks, dark matter spikes, clouds ultra-light scalar fields, also known atoms. We present a Bayesian analysis detectability measurability these environments. Focusing for concreteness on case...

The ringdown phase following a binary black hole coalescence is powerful tool for measuring properties of the remnant hole. Future gravitational wave detectors will increase precision these measurements and may be sensitive to environment surrounding This work examines how environments affect from coalescence. Our analysis shows that astrophysical parameters sensitivity planned detectors, signal indistinguishable its vacuum counterpart, suggesting ringdown-only analyses can reliably extract...

Rotating black holes can produce superradiant clouds of ultralight bosons. When the hole is part a binary system, its cloud undergo resonances and ionization. These processes leave distinct signature on gravitational waveform that depends cloud's properties. To determine state by time system enters band future millihertz detectors, we study chronological sequence encountered during inspiral. For first time, consistently take into account nonlinearities induced orbital backreaction allow...

Mixing between ultralight bosons and the Standard Model photon may allow access to hitherto invisible Universe. In presence of plasma, photons are dressed with an effective mass which will influence conversion two. We study this phenomenon, known as in-medium suppression, in context black hole physics. consider both axion-photon mixing around charged holes dark photon-photon neutral holes. find that plasma indeed influences rate, possibly quenching it altogether for large densities, discuss...

Mixing between ultralight bosons and the Standard Model photon may allow access to hitherto invisible Universe. In presence of plasma, photons are dressed with an effective mass which will influence conversion two. We study this phenomenon, known as , in context black hole physics. consider both axion-photon mixing around charged holes dark photon-photon neutral holes. find that plasma indeed influences rate, possibly quenching it altogether for large densities, discuss implications...

Superradiant clouds of ultralight bosons can leave an imprint on the gravitational waveform black hole binaries through "ionization" and "resonances." We study sequence resonances as binary evolves, show that there are only two possible outcomes, each with a distinct waveform. If cloud nearly counter-rotating, then survives in its original state until it enters sensitivity band future wave detectors, such LISA. In all other cases, destroy cloud, while driving to co-rotate eccentricity close...

Our universe is permeated with interstellar plasma, which prevents propagation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves. Here, we show that two dramatic consequences arise out such suppression; (i) if plasma permeates the light ring a black hole, modes are screened entirely from gravitational-wave signal, changing hole spectroscopy paradigm; (ii) near vacuum cavity formed close to charged as expected for equal-mass mergers, ringdown "echoes" excited. The amplitude echoes decays slowly and...

Stationary, asymptotically flat, black hole solutions of the vacuum field equations general relativity belong to Kerr family. But how does one approach this state, dynamically? Linearized fluctuations decay at late times, fixed spatial position, as a Price power law for generic initial conditions. However, little attention was paid forced and nonlinear spacetimes, where matter nonlinearities play role. We uncover new, source-driven tail governing waves generated by pointlike nonlinearities,...

Due to superradiant instabilities, clouds of ultralight bosons can spontaneously grow around rotating black holes, creating so-called "gravitational atoms". In this work, we study their dynamical effects on binary systems. We first focus open orbits, showing that the presence a cloud increase cross section for capture compact object by more than an order magnitude. then consider closed orbits and demonstrate backreaction cloud's ionization orbital motion should be identified as friction....

Spinning black holes can transfer a significant fraction of their energy to ultralight bosonic fields via superradiance, condensing them in co-rotating structure or "cloud". This mechanism turns into powerful particle detectors for bosons with extremely feeble interactions. To explore its full potential, the couplings between such particles and Maxwell field presence plasma need be understood. In this work, we study these using numerical relativity. We first focus on coupled axion-Maxwell...