The authors explore the geographic patterns craft beer breweries in United States.

AbstractThe diffusion of containerization has changed not only how general cargo is handled, but where. Using the Gini coefficient, we show that port traffic become more concentrated from 1970 to 1988 because four technological changes: containerization, larger ships, trains, and computerization freight tracking billing. These changes have spawned kinds intermodal services: microbridge, minibridge, landbridge, round-the-world. We reconcile this concentration trend with Hayuth's (1988)...

Abstract The economic base of American metropolitan areas relies increasingly on business and professional services. We explore the causes for fast growth these sectors in 1976–86. Business services produce new types inputs to a large number sectors. They encompass far more than externalization activities once produced internally by manufacturers. emphasize localization selected driven demand skilled labor information. Using employment data SMSAs, we present empirical evidence verifying...

This article examines the intraurban geography of craft breweries in ten cities across United States. First, through an exhaustive literature review, we outline both supply- and demand-side factors that might cause to cluster. Second, empirically test whether these establishments tend cluster within using spatial statistical techniques. Many communities are attempting support establishment more as a way boost tourism economic development. The findings from this aid discussion by providing...

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions innovation in U.S. and Turkey. Although there an extensive literature on traditional determinants innovation, they only explain a limited part process are insufficient describe complex nature ecosystem. Moreover, ecosystem, seeing as creativity learning processes requires broader framework for understanding it. This argues that multidimensional approach, including creativity, needed understand across regions. Thus, factor...

O´ HUALLACHA´IN B. and REID N. (1997) Acquisition versus greenfield investment: the location growth of Japanese manufacturers in United States, Reg. Studies 31, 403‐416. Investigating foreign direct investment by principal modes entry helps explain States. start-ups acquired plants had distinct interregional distributions different decades. We use ordinary least squares tobit regression analyses to account for interstate variation levels establishment 1979, 1989 1992 their expansion 1970s,...

Abstract REID N. (1995) Just-in-time inventory control and the economic integration of Japanese-owned manufacturing plants with county, state national economies United States, Reg. Studies 29, 345–355. This paper attempts to shed light on ongoing debate concerning spatial implications just-in-time (JIT) systems. The central issue around which this has focused concerns extent use JIT encourages clustering members a network. tests hypothesis that purchase greater proportion their material...

Abstract In recent decades, the number of craft breweries in United States has increased dramatically, increasing from around a thousand 1996 to over six today. order minimize start-up and initial operating costs, many have located older buildings economically distressed neighborhoods. Craft are particularly adept at engaging adaptive reuse, with result that they occupy were previously once churches, cinemas, fire stations, etc. This investment by breweries, conjunction other businesses (as...

Two experiments were undertaken in dogs to discover the influence of cortisone on parietal cell population stomach. In one, samples mucosa removed at operation before and after administration an average total dose 39 mg. per kg. (in seven days). The thickness was increased by 16% number cells unit area 33%. other experiment different doses given daily intramuscular injection for various periods. killed their whole stomachs examined. Cortisone 28 three days) mean mucosal 27%, underlying a...

To better understand the non-economic drivers of growth in emerging industries, this paper examines craft beer industry. Specifically, will review two examples—the Black Cloister Brewing Company Toledo, OH and 3rd Turn Brewery, Louisville, KY—to how values entrepreneurs local firms that are situated at nexus work, place, creativity promote growth. Further, consider socio-cultural meaning relative to industry many ways which concept innovation traditionally used by economic geographers can be...

Abstract Recent literature and public discourse emphasize the role of craft breweries in revitalization process economically distressed neighborhoods across U.S. With this, many are reporting rising property values areas surrounding breweries. This research examines impacts on both residential commercial a case study Charlotte, North Carolina. Estimating series hedonic models which incorporate difference‐in‐difference estimator, we find that have positive impact values. While close proximity...

This paper presents the first systematic spectroscopic observations of M dwarfs beyond 2.2 μm. The coolest show strong water absorption in 3 μm window, and 4 , energy distributions all stars fall slightly less steeply than Rayleigh–Jeans tail a blackbody. Spectra between 1 are essential deriving accurate luminosities dwarfs, possibly effective temperatures too. New values reported here not general well explained by theoretical models hydrogen burning stars. is especially true for those...

One ongoing debate in the cluster literature concerns methods of delineating spatial footprint industrial clusters. Some regions correspond to political boundaries. Researchers have also used qualitative and various quantitative techniques including location quotients statistics demarcate A common weakness most approaches is that researchers do not incorporate collaboration among participants. In this article, use social network analysis (SNA) illustrated. SNA proposed as an alternative...