We present OpenNEEDS, the first large-scale, high frame rate, comprehensive, and open-source dataset of Non-Eye (head, hand, scene) Eye (3D gaze vectors) data captured for 44 participants as they freely explored two virtual environments with many potential tasks (i.e., reading, drawing, shooting, object manipulation, etc.). With this dataset, we aim to enable research on relationship between head, scene, spatiotemporal statistics its applications estimation. To demonstrate power show that...

The coordinate frames for color and motion are often defined by three dimensions (e.g., responses from the types of human cone photoreceptors space motion). Does this common dimensionality lead to similar perceptual representations? Here we show that organizational principles representation hue direction instead profoundly different. We compared observers’ judgments using functionally equivalent stimulus metrics, behavioral tasks, computational analyses, used pattern individual differences...

AbstractThe use of the Internet in conducting psychological research has become increasingly common over past few decades, as access more widespread. Although web-based work a number benefits, including lower cost, easy to large samples, and strict standardization administration, limitations must also be considered. Among these are ethics concerns related online. These include maintaining confidentiality, thorough informed consent, valid assessment. Particular focus is given inherent fully...

Hue-scaling functions are designed to characterize color appearance by assessing the relative strength of red versus green and blue yellow opponent sensations comprising different hues. However, these judgments can be non-intuitive may pose difficulties for measurement analysis. We explored an alternative scaling method based on positioning a dial represent similarity or distance each hue from labeled positions categories. The hue-scaling hue-similarity rating methods were compared 28...

Abstract There is growing evidence that cognitive functioning plays an important role in self-care behavior and glycemic control pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this pilot study was to examine whether there were differences between youth T1D treated continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion multiple daily injections. sample consisted 29 diagnosed diabetes ages 6–15 years (mean age=11.72 years) receiving care at outpatient endocrinology clinic. Youth administered the...

The widespread utility of eye tracking technology has created a growing demand for more consistent and reliable eye-tracking systems, there is need new accessible approaches that can enhance the accuracy data. Previous studies have offered evidence associations between certain non-eye signals gaze such as strong coordination head motion shifts. e.g. [3] , hand spatiotemporal statistics, [7] behavior scene content, [2] . also shown how various combinations eye, head, scene, be leveraged...

Color percepts of anomalous trichromats are often more similar to normal than predicted from their receptor spectral sensitivities, suggesting that post-receptoral mechanisms can compensate for chromatic losses. The basis these adjustments and the extent which they could discount deficiency poorly understood. We modeled patterns compensation might result increasing gains in neurons offset weakened inputs. Individual population responses jointly encode luminance signals. As a result, cannot...

The number and nature of the mechanisms mediating color appearance remain poorly understood. We used factor analysis to examine patterns individual variation in a previous study hue scaling measurements reported for 59 color-normal observers (Malkoc et al. JOSA A 2005). settings involved judging strength red, green, blue, yellow percepts 24 equiluminant stimuli spanning circle at 15 deg steps version MacLeod-Boynton space (scaled equate sensitivity along LM S axes). Three were excluded based...

Individual differences in color appearance judgments are large and reliable among color-normal observers, but for poorly understood reasons. In our recent factor analyses of hue-scaling functions (Emery et al. 2017ab, Vision Research), we found that the depended on multiple processes each tuned to a narrow range stimulus hues, consistent with multiple-channel or population code mediating appearance, not classic opponency. present work, extended this analysis outside equiluminant plane by...

Color and motion share a common three-dimensional structure, yet it is unclear to what extent this structure leads analogous representations in visual coding. We analyzed individual differences the perceived direction of color (2D hue angle) trajectory) compare how system represents these attributes. Previously we measured appearance for color-normal observers using standard “hue scaling” task which judged proportion red/green blue/yellow each hue. Factor analyses settings revealed eight...

Opponent process theory assumes that all colors can be described as different mixtures of the underlying opponent primaries red vs. green or blue yellow. Hue scaling is widely used a method for estimating response functions by asking observers to explicitly decompose each hue into percentage contributed primaries. However, this decomposition nonintuitive and there are inherent problems in analyzing proportions. We developed an alternative task based on compass with text labels “R”, “B”, “G”,...

Many of the perceptual changes induced by adaptation can be captured in a Bayesian framework, which renormalizes neural responses to weak or strong stimuli, consistent with correcting likelihood match prior (Emery and Webster VSS 2020). We explored what this model implies about estimation at level an individual neuron channel. The corresponds expects see, but causes it expects. If decoder does not "know" neuron's state (Series et al 2009), these adjustments effectively flatten priors for...

Studies of face coding have used adaptation to examine whether a facial dimension (e.g. gender or age) is represented by many narrowly tuned mechanisms small number broadly mechanisms. However, these models typically treat variations in the as unique points along dimension. Many natural stimuli instead correspond distribution values light spectra for color amplitude space) rather than punctate level single wavelength spatial frequency). We examined implications reconceiving distributed...

Individual differences in color appearance are large and reliable among color-normal observers, but it remains unclear what processes underlie these differences. In a recent factor analysis of hue-scaling functions, we found that variability depended on multiple, narrowly-tuned processes, consistent with multichannel or population code which different "directions" space represented separately. To gain insights into this representation, examined individual the perception motion, like is...

Hue scaling is a common measure of color appearance in which hue decomposed into the perceived proportions opponent primaries red vs. green and blue yellow. The method has been important for deriving putative response functions human vision, but can be non-intuitive poses well-known problems estimating analyzing proportions. We explored an alternative procedure text labels four were placed along cardinal compass points circular display observers then set needle to rate test stimuli. This...

Adaptation aftereffects have been widely used to infer mechanisms of visual coding. In the context face processing, interpreted in terms two alternative models: 1) norm-based codes, which facial dimension is represented by relative activity a pair broadly-tuned with opposing sensitivities; or 2) exemplar sampled multiple channels narrowly-tuned different levels stimulus. Evidence for against these alternatives has based on patterns they predict (e.g. whether there adaptation norm, and how...

Vision scientists have long assumed that it is possible to make inferences about neural codes from indirect measures, such as those provided by psychophysics (e.g., thresholds, adaptation effects) and neuroimaging. While this approach has been very useful understand the nature of visual representation in a variety areas, not always clear under what circumstances assumptions are valid. This symposium goal highlighting recent developments computational modeling allow us give clearer answer questions.

Many perceptual effects have been successfully characterized within a Bayesian framework. Previously Stocker and Simoncelli (2006) used this framework to model sensory adaptation as an increase in the reliability of measurement around adaptor, leading asymmetrical likelihood function commonly observed aftereffects repulsion enhanced discriminability. We explored normalization aftereffects, which adapting stimulus appears more neutral or unbiased. This renormalization has found for many...