This topical review addresses how Rydberg atoms can serve as building blocks for emerging quantum technologies. Whereas the fabrication of large numbers artificial systems with uniformity required most attractive applications is difficult if not impossible, provide stable which, same species and isotope, are all identical. Whilst atomic ground-states scalable objects, their limited by range over which properties be varied. In contrast, offer strong controllable interactions that tuned...

It is clearly important to pursue atomic standards for quantities like electromagnetic fields, time, length, and gravity. We have recently shown using Rydberg states that Rb atoms in a vapor cell can serve as practical, compact standard microwave electric field strength. Here we demonstrate the first time excited also be used vector electrometry by Rydberg-atom electromagnetically induced transparency. describe measurements necessary obtain an arbitrary polarization at resolution of 0.5°....

Atom-based measurements of length, time, gravity, inertial forces and electromagnetic fields are receiving increasing attention. Atoms possess properties that suggest clear advantages as self calibrating platforms for these quantities. In this review, we describe work on a new method measuring radio frequency (RF) electric based quantum interference using either Cs or Rb atoms contained in dielectric vapor cell. Using bright resonance prepared within an electromagnetically induced...

The excited-state dynamics of trans-azobenzene were investigated by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics. Two near-degenerate pipi* excited states, S2 S3,4, identified in a region hitherto associated with only one state. These results help to explain contradictory reports about the photoisomerization mechanism wavelength dependence quantum yield. A new model for isomerization is proposed.

The coupled electronic and vibrational motions governing chemical processes are best viewed from the molecule's point of view-the molecular frame. Measurements made in laboratory frame often conceal information because random orientations molecule can take. We used a combination time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, multidimensional coincidence imaging ab initio computation to trace complete reactant-to-product pathway-the photodissociation nitric oxide dimer-from view, on femtosecond...

Abstract We utilize a homodyne detection technique to achieve new sensitivity limit for atom-based, absolute radio-frequency electric field sensing of 5 μ V cm −1 Hz − 1/2 . A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used the detection. With increased sensitivity, we investigate dominant dephasing mechanisms that affect performance sensor. In particular, present data on power broadening, collisional broadening and transit time broadening. Our results are compared density matrix calculations. show...

The observation of strongly interacting many-body phenomena in atomic gases typically requires ultracold samples. Here we show that the strong interaction potentials between Rydberg atoms enable effects an vapor, even at room temperature. We excite cesium vapor and observe real time out-of-equilibrium excitation dynamics is consistent with aggregation mechanism. experimental observations qualitative quantitative agreement a microscopic theoretical model. Numerical simulations reveal...

Making a molecular fossil lookalike Atoms are generally compact objects. However, if one of the electrons orbiting nucleus is given an extra boost energy so that it's barely still attached, you get much larger Rydberg atom. Booth et al. created even more exotic species: giant molecule consisting regular cesium atom bound within same element. The molecules named “trilobites” because their electronic density visually resembles fossils these extinct marine creatures. Science , this issue p. 99

Quantum reflection is a pure wave phenomena that predicts of particle at changing potential for cases where complete transmission occurs classically. For chemical bond, we find this effect can lead to non-classical vibrational turning points and bound states extremely large interatomic distances. Only recently has the existence such ultralong-range Rydberg molecules been demonstrated experimentally. Here, identify broad range molecular lines, most which are shown originate from two different...

We have recently shown [Nat. Phys.8, 819 (2012)] that Alkali atoms contained in a vapor cell can serve as highly accurate standard for microwave (MW) electric field strength well polarization. Here we show the first time Rydberg atom electromagnetically induced transparency be used to image MW fields with unprecedented precision. The spatial resolution of method is far into subwavelength regime ∼λ/650 or 66 μm at 6.9 GHz. resolutions are similar those already demonstrated ∼50 μV cm(-1). Our...

Rydberg atom-based electrometry enables traceable electric field measurements with high sensitivity over a large frequency range, from gigahertz to terahertz.Such are particularly useful for the calibration of radio and terahertz devices, as well other applications like near imaging fields.We utilize modulated spectroscopy active control residual amplitude modulation improve signal noise ratio optical readout electrometry.Matched filtering is also implemented.Although we have reached...

Precise measurement of electric fields at giga- to terahertz frequencies is important for emerging technologies, such as generating single photons and building quantum logic gates advanced sensors. The authors have developed an absolute rf electric-field sensor based on Rydberg atoms, in which each gaseous alkali-metal atom acts a detector. This study provides crucial information about how the geometry container affects measurements, work poised impact applications diverse atomic clocks,...

We investigate the applicability of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and internal conversion dynamics in model system o-hydroxybenzaldehyde (OHBA) related compounds. Photoelectron spectra both enol keto tautomers were obtained as a function pump laser wavelength pump-probe time delay. The ESIPT was found occur less than 50 fs over whole absorption range S1(ππ*) for OHBA its monodeuterated analog, suggestive small or nonexistent...

We observe ultralong-range blueshifted Cs(2) molecular states near ns(1/2) Rydberg in an optical dipole trap, where 31≤n≤34. The accidental degeneracy of (n-4)l and ns for l>2 Cs, due to the small fractional quantum defect, leads nonadiabatic coupling among these states, producing potential wells above thresholds. Two important consequences admixing high angular momentum with are formation large permanent moments, ~15-100 Debye, accessibility via two-photon association. observed excellent...

Rydberg atoms show significant promise as the basis for highly sensitive detectors of continuous radio-frequency (rf) electric fields (E fields). Here, we study their time-dependent response to pulse-modulated rf E at 19.4 GHz using a cesium vapor cell room temperature. We use density-matrix simulations explain timescales that shape transient atomic under different laser conditions, finding them be limited by dephasing mechanisms, including transit-time broadening, Rydberg-Rydberg...

Atom-based radio-frequency (rf) electromagnetic field sensing using atomic Rydberg states is a promising technique that has recently attracted significant interest. Its unique advantages, such as extraordinary bandwidth, self-calibration, and all-dielectric sensors, are tangible improvement over antenna-based methods in applications test measurement development of broad-bandwidth receivers. Here, we demonstrate how an optical-frequency comb can be used to acquire data the Autler-Townes...

We present calculations of potential curves for very high-$n$ $(89D)$ Cs Rydberg-atom pairs, including a background electric field. From these potentials, we show that energy transfer occurs at rates $\ensuremath{\sim}30--70\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$, fields play an important role and dipole-dipole- quadrupole-quadrupole-induced avoided curve crossings should lead to conversion electronic kinetic energy, $n$-changing collisions, observable ultracold long-range Rydberg molecules.

We describe the experimental observation of ultracold ${\mathrm{NaCs}}^{+}$ molecular formation in a novel two-species magneto-optical trap. interpret our observations terms photoassociative ionization pathway similar to that observed sodium trap: $\mathrm{Na}+\mathrm{Cs}+\ensuremath{\Elzxh}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{Na}}+\ensuremath{\Elzxh}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{Cs}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{NaCs}}^{+}{+e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. have directly measured production rate as...

We investigate the (0001) surface of single crystal quartz with a submonolayer Rb adsorbates. Using Rydberg atom electromagnetically induced transparency, we electric fields resulting from adsorbed on surface, and measure activation energy show that induces negative electron affinity (NEA) surface. The NEA allows low electrons to bind cancel field Our results will be important for integrating atoms into hybrid quantum systems, as fundamental probes atom-surface interactions, studies 2D gases...