Surfactants above their critical micelle concentration can solubilize hydrophobic contaminants into micelles. This process enhances the apparent solubility of such as hydrocarbons and, therefore, also desorption from soils. Conceivably, in absence any inhibitory effects, surfactants may enhance biodegradation hydrocarbon. Through a set screening experiments, series nonionic were identified that do not inhibit phenanthrene. A mathematical model was formulated to describe interaction...

The apparent solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as phenanthrene can be increased in the presence surfactants above their critical micelle concentration. A fraction partitioned into micellar phase some nonionic directly bioavailable to phenanthrene-degrading microorganisms. model describing biodegradation micellar-phase substrate is presented. hypothesis on which based considers following steps: (a) contaminant transported by filled micelles from bulk solution...

Enhanced solubilization of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene in micellar solutions Triton X-100 was studied for single compounds their binary ternary mixtures. Experimental results were obtained the following conditions: (i) as at saturation; (ii) mixtures satura tion; (iii) phenanthrene saturation a range naphthalene concentrations; (iv) concentrations. The solubility enhancement slightly reduced presence and/or pyrene. A synergistic effect on observed different amounts naphthalene....

Biodegradation kinetics of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were studied in sole-substrate systems, binary ternary mixtures to examine substrate interactions. The experiments conducted aerobic batch aqueous systems inoculated with a mixed culture that had been isolated from soils contaminated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Monod kinetic parameters yield coefficients for the individual compounds estimated depletion CO2 evolution rate data experiments. In all three mixture...

Recent work has shown that a fraction of contaminant solubilized in the micellar phase some nonionic surfactants is directly available for biodegradation, meaning can be transferred from core micelle to cell without having transfer water first. This study extends understanding bioavailability single compound multicomponent system contaminants. Biodegradation experiments were conducted with binary and ternary mixtures naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene presence surfactant, Triton X-100. A...

Partitioning of evapotranspiration (ET) is a fundamental challenge in ecohydrological research, critical for advancing our understanding the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. This study investigates ET partitioning spring wheat crops grown at an experimental plot IIT Kanpur using stable isotopes oxygen and hydrogen. By exploiting distinct isotopic signatures evaporation (E) transpiration (T), contributions these processes to total were quantified. The compositions E determined Keeling...

The hyporheic zone (HZ) is crucial for the stream and river ecosystem attenuation of domestic, agricultural, industrial pollution. Flow in occurs due to bedforms (dunes ripples), meandering, presence any obstruction. Water from enters this either returns or infiltrates deeper depending on relative levels surface water groundwater. more reactive biogeochemical processes influx nutrients Pollutants mixing sediment HZ can adsorb pollutants, as well support growth metabolism microorganisms.The...

Graphene Oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial that has witnessed rapid increase in industrial production the last decade and likely to reach subsurface through disposal of e-waste. Recent laboratory studies have also suggested GO nanoparticles (GONPs) may be used for insitu remediation groundwater contaminated with toxic organic compounds increasing GONPs are expected formations. The objective this study understand adsorption graphene oxide onto quartz sand pH range 5.5 9 at...

Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model is a large-scale, semi-distributed hydrologic that operates at grid cell level. An effective application of VIC requires proper calibration. The total set parameters from the two models (VIC and routing model) can be quite large but out these four soil namely, exponent moisture capacity curve (binfil), maximum velocity base flow occurs lowest layer (Dm), fraction Dm where non-linear baseflow (Ds), (Ws) were considered as cannot estimated based on...

Microplastics (MP) are present in the soil mainly due to use of agricultural mulch films and sewage sludge as fertilisers. They small particles less than 5mm size, whose presence impacts productivity by modifying pore structure, affecting its water nutrient retention properties, altering characteristic curve (SWCC). The objective this study was investigate effects size concentration polypropylene (PP) microplastics on SWCC silty sand. comprises 72.2% sand, 27.7% silt 0.1% clay. Polypropylene...

In an agricultural field, crops in the Rabi and Zaid seasons are exposed to repeated wet-dry cycles between precipitation and/or irrigation events. There is a general consensus literature that no isotopic fractionation occurs during water uptake by plants. The shifts soil at different tensions, if cycles, expected influence composition of plant’s xylem water. objective this study was investigate isotope enrichment depletion field within plant-available range, specifically from...

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of zero-valent iron and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) for reduction removal chromium from synthetic electroplating waste. The shows promising results as a reductant hexavalent (Cr+6) trivalent (Cr+3), capable 100% reduction. required concentration was function in waste stream. Removal Cr+3 by adsorption or precipitation on leads complete slower process than Cr+6. Presence SRB completely mixed batch reactor inhibited In fixed-bed column...

A new procedure is presented to determine Monod kinetic coefficients and the microbial yield coefficient for volatile hydrophobic compounds such as phenanthrene. Batch experiments were conducted with a mixed culture capable of degrading The phenanthrene disappearance carbon dioxide production monitored time. maximum likelihood estimator was formulated fit set equations that describe system measured data. model takes into account number processes partition onto apparatus, volatilization,...

Sorption of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos was studied through batch experiments with three agricultural soils (organic carbon 0.8, 1.37, 2%) different initial concentrations pesticides below the limits their solubility. The effect presence one pesticide on sorption other also examined. both followed Lagergren kinetic model, more than 95% completed within 4–6 hours for 6–12 chlorpyrifos. equilibrium primarily soil organic matter, but isotherms were nonlinear, especially at low-solute...

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of zero‐valent iron and sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) for reduction removal chromium from synthetic electroplating waste. The shows promising results as a reductant hexavalent (Cr +6 ) trivalent +3 ), capable 100% reduction. required concentration was function in waste stream. Removal Cr by adsorption or precipitation on leads complete slower process than . Presence SRB completely mixed batch reactor inhibited In fixed‐bed column...

The effect of aluminum on agglomeration in the sludge bed and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency laboratory‐scale upflow anaerobic blanket (UASB) reactors treating low‐strength synthetic wastewater (approximately 665 to 738 mg/L COD) was investigated. Continuous application chloride (200 mg/L) caused poor COD removal, less density, adversely affected bed. An adverse granulation also observed when 300 added only during startup, continued even after it discontinued. A lower...

This study focuses on finding operational regimes for surfactant-enhanced biodegradation. Biodegradation of phenanthrene as a model poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was studied in soil slurry reactors the presence and absence Triton N-101 surfactant solution. Results showed that slowed initial biodegradation rate phenanthrene, but increased total mass degraded over four day period by 30%. A mathematical developed which simulates low solubility hydrocarbons soils surfactants accounting...