This study investigates the relationship between economic conditions and health. Total mortality eight of ten sources fatalities examined are shown to exhibit a procyclical fluctuation, with suicides representing an important exception. The variations largest for those causes age groups where behavioral responses most plausible, there is some evidence that unfavorable health effects temporary upturns partially or fully offset if growth long-lasting. An accompanying analysis micro data...

Journal Article The Economic Consequences of Parental Leave Mandates: Lessons from Europe Get access Christopher J. Ruhm University North Carolina Greensboro and National Bureau Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Quarterly Economics, Volume 113, Issue 1, February 1998, Pages 285–317, https://doi.org/10.1162/003355398555586 Published: 01 1998

Attendance in U.S. preschools has risen substantially recent decades, but gaps enrollment between children from advantaged and disadvantaged families remain. Using data the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999, we analyze effect participation child care early education on children’s school readiness as measured by reading math skills kindergarten first grade. We find that who attended a center or school-based preschool program year before entry perform better...

The "job-stopping" process of older workers often includes some combination postcareer "bridge" employment, partial retirement, and reverse retirement. Fewer than two-fifths household heads retire directly from career jobs, over half partially at point in their working lives, a quarter reenter the labor force after initially retiring. In addition, employment is frequently located outside industry occupation job, there are important differences experiences by gender, permanent income,...

Abstract This analysis uses March Current Population Survey data from 1999 to 2010 and a differences‐in‐differences approach examine how California's first in the nation paid family leave (PFL) program affected leave‐taking by mothers following childbirth, as well subsequent labor market outcomes. We obtain robust evidence that California doubled overall use of maternity leave, increasing it an average three six weeks for new mothers—with some particularly large growth less advantaged...

In Brief Objective Although research has been conducted on how nurse staffing levels affect outcomes, there little investigation into the health-related productivity of nurses is related to quality care. Two major causes worker presenteeism (reduced on-the-job as a result health problems) are musculoskeletal pain and mental issues, particularly depression. This study sought investigate extent which or depression (or both) in RNs affects their work self-reported care considered associated...

Risky health behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, drug use, unprotected sex, and poor diets sedentary lifestyles (leading to obesity) are a major source of preventable deaths. This chapter overviews the theoretical frameworks for, empirical evidence on, economics risky behaviors. It describes traditional economic approaches emphasizing utility maximization that, under certain assumptions, result in Pareto-optimal outcomes limited role for policy interventions. also details...

Depression impacts 9.4% of the adult population in United States, and it is known to impact work performance. Nurses with depression are not only likely suffer themselves, but their illness may have an on coworkers potentially quality care they provide. Thus, purpose this study was determine prevalence a random sample hospital-employed nurses individual workplace characteristics that associated depression. A cross-sectional survey design 1171 registered used. Measures included...

Abstract Using data from the 1997 cohort of National Longitudinal Survey Youth (NLSY‐97), we examine effects California's paid family leave program ( CA‐PFL ) on mothers’ and fathers’ use during period surrounding child birth, timing return to work, probability eventually returning prechildbirth jobs, subsequent labor market outcomes. We estimate multivariate difference‐in‐differences regression models that compare changes in outcomes for new California parents before after enactment those...