Forests form a major component of the carbon (C) reserves in world’s ecosystems. However, little is known on how management influences C stocks woody vegetation, particularly dry areas. We developed regression models for two dominant tree species to predict and quantified potential community managed forests as sinks. Plots were randomly selected from community-managed natural forest, herbivore exclosures, communal grazing land. Tree shrub biomass estimated using model most while herbaceous...

Land use/land cover (LULC) change affects the provision of ecosystem services for humans and habitat wildlife. Hence, it is crucial to monitor LULC particularly adjacent protected areas. In this study, we measured in Rombo, Tanzania, an area with high-potential agro-ecological zones that dominated by human–elephant conflicts (HECs). We used remote sensing geographical information system techniques, questionnaires village meetings assess spatio-temporal patterns changes study area. Using...

As one of the most invasive species arid and semi-arid areas East Africa, Prosopis juliflora has become a major threat to livelihoods Afar pastoral people fragile ecosystems they live in. This paper comprises results from multidisciplinary study on spread P. as an in Ethiopian Region provides suggestions its management control. The investigated juliflora, ecological aspects (shifts vegetation biomass soil properties) socio-economic (livelihood impacts, activities potential) invasion....

Globally, bush encroachment poses a great threat to the conservation of biodiversity and rangeland productivity. However, control methods encroaching woody species have rarely been experimentally quantified. We assessed impact tree thinning intensities on mortality, herbaceous community in Borana rangelands, an Ethiopian savannah ecosystem. At two 1.4 ha areas mono-specific Vachellia drepanolobium stands, we set up 20 m x 10 experimental plots with four tree-thinning treatments (0%, 33%,...

Oyster nut [Telfairia pedata (Smiths ex Sim)] Hook is a regularly cultivated crop in East African countries such as Tanzania (including Zanzibar Island), Uganda, Angola, Mozambique, and along Kenya’s coast, which regarded to be underutilised. Despite its relevance small-scale farmers terms of conservation, income creation food security, little known about the farmer’s knowledge, practices utilisation Northern Tanzania. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating aspects production,...

Abstract Questions: Do large trees improve the nutrient content and structure of grass layer in savannas? Does magnitude this improvement differ with locality (soil nutrients) season (water availability)? Are species composition beneath tree canopies influenced by soil fertility season? Location: South Africa. Methods: We compared leaf contents sward outside canopy areas three savannas different during dry wet seasons. Results: Grass nitrogen were twice as high to season, being more strongly...

High grazing intensity and wide-spread woody encroachment may strongly alter soil carbon (C) nitrogen (N) pools. However, the direction quantity of these changes have rarely been quantified in East African savanna ecosystem. As shifts C N pools might further potentially influence climate change mitigation, we compared organic (SOC) total (TSN) content enclosures communal lands across varying cover i.e. levels. Estimated mean SOC TSN stocks at 0–40 cm depth varied regimes among The open land...

Herbivores generally have strong structural and compositional effects on vegetation, which in turn determines the plant forage species available. We investigated how selected large mammalian herbivore assemblages use alter herbaceous vegetation structure composition a southern African savanna adjacent to Kruger National Park, South Africa. compared mixed mono-specific of varying density similarities patterns under wildlife livestock herbivory. Grass differed significantly, standing biomass...

Wildlife corridors are critical for maintaining the viability of isolated wildlife populations and conserving ecosystem functionality. Anthropogenic pressure has negatively impacted habitats, particularly in between protected areas, but few studies have yet quantitatively assessed habitat changes corresponding presence. We quantified land use/land cover human–elephant conflict trends over past two decades Wami Mbiki–Saadani (WMS) corridor, Tanzania, using RS GIS combined with human–wildlife...

In otherwise nutrient-poor savannas, fertile vegetation patches are particularly attractive to ungulates because of the higher-quality food they provide. We investigated forage plants and diet common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) on an abandoned cattle ranch in coastal Tanzania. The grasses highest nutritional quality occurred former paddock enclosures (bomas) where had been herded at night. dry season, grass samples from bomas contained approximately 4 times as much nitrogen phosphorus...

Abstract This study assessed the social knowledge, attitude, and perceptions (KAPs) on wastewater treatment, technologies involved, its reuse across different treatment areas in four regions of Tanzania. We used both quantitative qualitative data collection methods a household-level questionnaire (n=327) with structured semi-structured questions, which involved face-to-face interviews observation. Our results show that KAPs surrounding were sufficient based KAP scores achieved from asked...