We systematically evaluated the peer-reviewed Rorschach validity literature for 65 main variables in popular Comprehensive System (CS). Across 53 meta-analyses examining against externally assessed criteria (e.g., observer ratings, psychiatric diagnosis), mean was r = .27 (k 770) as compared to .08 386) across 42 introspectively self-report). Using Hemphill's (2003) data-driven guidelines interpreting magnitude of assessment effect sizes with only criteria, we found 13 had excellent support...

We surveyed American Psychological Association–accredited clinical psychology doctoral programs' (n = 83) training in psychological assessment—specifically, their coverage of various assessment topics and tests courses practica, whether the was optional or required. report results overall separately per model (clinical science, scientist-practitioner, practitioner-focused). Overall, our suggest that is as active, even more than previous years. Areas increased emphasis include interviewing...

In this study, we developed the Rorschach Alexithymia Scale (RAS) to be used with protocols scored Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 1993). A total of 92 patients medical disease and 127 psychiatric outpatients were administered 20-item Toronto (Bagby, Parker, & Taylor, 1994a, 1994b). We a systematic approach, including cross-validation, reduce pool 27 CS codes issued from an earlier investigation (Porcelli Meyer, 2002) 3 variables: Form%, CDI, Pop. The RAS showed excellent diagnostic...

Abstract: The three-dimensional (3D) Rorschach variables – Vista and Form Dimension (FD) traditionally have been interpreted as indicative of introspection: negative self-inspection FD healthy introspection. However, these interpretations were called into question by construct validity meta-analyses. Using a series systematic reviews, we update existing meta-analytic findings to examine the 3D merits combining them single variable. We situate in context contemporary introspection terminology...

The present study describes and tests the validity of a new Rorschach index called Trauma Experience Index (TEI) designed to assess perceptual, emotional, behavioral characteristics trauma reexperiencing more directly than existing measures, including trauma-specific (Trauma Content [TCI], Critical Contents) broader trauma-related measures (Morbid [MOR], Inanimate Movement). Using predictive processing framework (PPF), we describe strengths method assessment in evaluating reexperiencing. TEI...

We examined the association of gender, ethnicity, age, and education with 60 Rorschach scores using three clinical nonclinical samples adults youths (ns = 640, 249, 241). As anticipated for our data sets, there were no reliable associations or adult age. However, in years was associated variables indicative complexity, articulation subtlety nuance, cognitive synthesis, coping resources. In sample youths, increasing age primarily more conventional perception less illogical thought processes....

To examine agreement on Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2004) interpretations, 55 patient protocols were interpreted by 3 to 8 clinicians across 4 data sets a representative set of 29 characteristics. Substantial reliability was observed sets, although problematic design produced lower results in one. Unexpectedly, Q-sort task had slightly than simple rating task. As expected, scales that summarized judgments higher individual interpretive statements, and some more generalizable...

We surveyed practicing clinicians who regularly used the Rorschach about perceived clinical validity of specific scores from many coding systems. The survey included quantitative feedback on variables as well qualitative input in several areas, including variables, potentially unique information that can be obtained them, challenges associated with Comprehensive System (CS) codes, and recommendations for CS developments. Participants were recruited by applying a snowball sampling strategy....

Using 100 clinical cases, we examined the construct validity of Mutuality Autonomy (MOA) Scale (Urist, 1977 Urist, J. 1977. The Rorschach Test and assessment object relations. Journal Personality Assessment, 41: 3–9. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) using Westen Rosenthal's (2003) Westen, D. Rosenthal, R. 2003. Quantifying validity: Two simple measures. Social Psychology, 84: 608–618. [Crossref], [PubMed], Scholar] r contrast − (CV) procedure for quantifying a...

This study investigated measures of aggressive drive derivatives on the Rorschach and Personality Assessment Inventory with 70 college students. As predicted, (a) self-reported physical aggression potential was related to identification aggressor impulses, (b) suicidal ideation impulsivity a measure impulses turned toward self, (c) borderline features scale pathological object relations measure. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that emotional added unique variance these variables in...

Recently, psychologists have emphasized the response process—that is, psychological operations and behaviors that lead to test scores—when designing tests, interpreting their results, refining validity. To illustrate centrality of process in construct validity interpretation, we provide a historical, conceptual, empirical review main uses background white space Rorschach cards, called reversal (SR) integration (SI) Performance Assessment System. We show how SR SI's unique processes result...

In this brief article, we update the training of newer versions Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Rorschach compare to a 2015 assessment survey American Psychological Association accredited clinical psychology doctoral programs. The sample sizes for 2015, 2021, 2022 were 83, 81, 88, respectively. By programs teaching any adult MMPI version, almost all (94%) still MMPI-2, 68% had started MMPI-2-RF. 2021 2022, respectively, (96% 94%) MMPI-2-RF or MMPI-3, although most...

Typical visual perception includes an attention bias toward right hemisphere mediated global, holistic cortical processing. An atypically local, detail-oriented focus of is characteristic left processing and often observed in patients whose field restricted by certain types neurocognitive impairment. We designed the present pair studies to induce a local attentional observe its consequences on measures visuospatial In Experiment I, participants wore glasses mimicking simultanagnosia,...

The General Well-being Schedule is a brief indicator of subjective feelings psychological well-being and distress. It easy to administer, reliable, valid, although its validity with American Indians has not been established. This study then assessed reliability, validity, factor structure for sample 88 diabetic Indians, who sought care diabetes at an Indian Health Service hospital. Cronbach alpha was .89. A analysis indicated four dimensions. Adequate concurrent divergent were noted in...

In this article, we describe the impact of Rorschach (Exner, 2003) card rotation and orientation preference on reflection responses. We anticipated exposure to sideways-orientated cards would facilitate landscape-type reflections, particularly for people find appealing view sideways. When examined 4 experimental conditions using an undergraduate sample, results in Experiments 1 (n = 123) 2 38) showed that viewing sideways produced a large increase reflections. Experiment 3 69), preferences...