Spatial variability in various indices of winegrape quality was studied over several vintages blocks planted to Cabernet Sauvignon and Ruby the Coonawarra (1999–2002) Sunraysia (2000–2002) regions Australia. At both sites, inter-annual variation marked whilst intra-annual much greater for some (e.g. concentration total phenolics) than others Baumé). The magnitude readily identified terms 'spread', defined as difference between maximum minimum values, expressed a % median value. Typical...

Spatial variability in winegrape yield was studied over several vintages blocks planted to Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Ruby the Coonawarra, Clare Valley Sunraysia regions of Australia using new monitoring technology, a differentially corrected global positioning system (GPS), geographical information some simple methods spatial analysis. In any given year, highly variable typically order 10 fold (i.e. 2 20 t/ha). However, through use k-means clustering method based on assessment...

Background and Aims: Vineyard variability makes satisfaction of winemaker demands for uniform parcels fruit that are suitable particular product streams difficult. Indeed, it may not be possible to satisfy these without being able adequately characterise differences between wines derived from different or areas the same vineyard, understanding how final affected by management decisions implemented in and/or effects variation vineyard's biophysical characteristics (e.g. soil, topography) on...

Optical remote sensing can provide a synoptic view of grapevine photosynthetically-active biomass over entire vineyards both rapidly and cost-effectively. Such output offers viticulturists winemakers management tool enormous potential with red grape varieties, especially if canopy architecture (defined in this way) be linked to production phenolics colour ripe grapes. Accordingly, paper describes such associations for Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard Australia's cool-climate Coonawarra region. A...

Precision Agriculture (PA) is an all-encompassing term given to the use of a suite technologies that promote improved management agricultural production through recognition potential productivity land can vary considerably, even over very short distances (a few m). It be regarded as means increasing chance right crop strategies are implemented in place at time. Numerous examples exist successful application PA various cropping systems around world, many cases supported by burgeoning...

Background and Aims: Vineyards are variable. However, to date, no spatial analysis of vineyard variability has been conducted in New Zealand. We were interested quantify a Marlborough produce platform onto which modelled information on phenology juice composition could be integrated. Methods Results: A combination remote proximal sensing vine vigour, direct measurement trunk circumference, yield mapping high resolution electromagnetic induction (EM38) soil survey was used examine 5.9 ha...

Background and Aims: Previous work has demonstrated that vineyards are spatially variable this variability can be understood in terms of the underlying characteristics land (soils, topography) supporting vineyard. Selectively harvesting blocks response to such may highly profitable. While it also been shown crop maturation is variable, there temporal variations rate maturation. Integrating knowledge how spatial variation fruit composition moderated time not previously attempted key objective...

Background and Aims Previous studies have highlighted the importance of vineyard variability benefits that may accrue through targeting management in response to it. In this study, we were interested see whether concentration rotundone Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes was spatially structured related other aspects so as inform possible selective harvesting destined for wines 'peppery' character. Methods Results Immediately prior harvest a 6.1-ha block Grampians region Victoria, known...

Abstract During the past few decades, a range of digital strategies for Nitrogen (N) management using various types input data and recommendation frameworks have been developed. Despite much research, benefits accrued from such technology equivocal. In this work, thirteen methods mid-season N recommendations in cereal production systems were evaluated simultaneously, ranging simple mass balance through to non-mechanistic approaches based on machine learning. To achieve this, an extensive...

Summary. Precision agriculture is the term given to crop management methods which recognise and manage within-paddock spatial temporal variations in soil–plant–atmosphere system. This paper reviews principles, practice perceived benefits of precision agriculture. The objective improve control input variables such as fertiliser, seed, chemicals or water with respect desired outcomes increased profitability, reduced environmental risk better product quality. can be viewed comprising 4 stages:...

Soil quality, in a viticultural context, may be defined as the soil's capacity to support grapevine growth without resulting soil degradation or otherwise harming environment. In other agricultural systems, various approaches for evaluating quality have been adopted, and numerous physical chemical properties used characterise it. Here, we consider relevance suitability of these choice Australian viticulture. As consequence, suggested comprise minimum data set ongoing monitoring viticulture...

Background and Aims: Previous work has identified the potential for enhancing profitability of both grapegrowing winemaking through implementation selective harvesting. However, there been a perception that such strategies may not be feasible when winery infrastructure is geared to large production volumes, as commonly case in Australia's warm irrigated regions. This sought examine merits this perception. Methods Results: The tools Precision Viticulture were used identify zones similar...

Changes in the river chemistry of Herbert River (northern Queensland) during a flood event that followed Cyclone Sadie January 1994 are presented. Parallel data sets collected by AIMS and CSIRO were generally well correlated. Around peak, concentrations dissolved inorganic nutrients declined to minimum, whereas particulate nutrient increased maximum (particulate nitrogen, 1200 µg N L-1; phosphorus, 225 P L-1). Concentrations organic varied erratically. silicate potassium, pH electrical...

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The aims of this work were to see whether the traditional regionallybased view terroir is supported by our new ability use tools Precision Viticulture acquire detailed measures vineyard productivity, soil attributes and topography at high spatial resolution.</p><p justify;"><strong>Methods Results</strong>: A range sources data (yield mapping, remote sensing, digital elevation models), along with...

Abstract The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in New Zealand agricultural systems as a result the extensive use phosphatic fertilisers has been recognised potential problem following appearance unacceptable levels Cd some animal products. In this review, soil, its uptake by plants, and consequent intake grazing animals are considered simple model for transfer through system is presented. indicates that pastures which have received 20 kg P/ha superphosphate made from 50:50 mix Nauru Christmas...

Background and Aims: The development adoption of Precision Viticulture approaches to grape wine production have been hindered by the lack a commercially available sensor for on-the-go sensing fruit quality during harvest. In this work, we sought deploy Multiplex®, fluorescence-based non-contact hand-held optical on harvester, berry anthocyanins South Australian vintage 2010. Methods Results: Measurements made anthocyanin concentrations in laboratory using Multiplex showed high correlation...

Any reduction in soil quality as a consequence of production practices, through processes, such erosion, salinisation, sodicity, acidity and structural decline, threatens the long-term sustainability winegrape production. Monitoring is thus needed to identify when degradation occurring order allow management intervention. This review examines suite biological indicators available for this purpose potential their adoption part minimum dataset by industry. Physical chemical are discussed...

Soil microbial communities have an integral association with plants and play important role in shaping plant nutrition, health, crop productivity product quality. The influence of bacteria fungi on wine fermentation is well known. However, little known about the soil microbes, other than pathogens, grape composition or their vintage site (terroir) impacts composition. In this study, we used amplicon sequencing approach to investigate potential relationships between microbes inherent spatial...