Hormonal dynamics after Plasmodiophora brassicae infection were compared in two Brassica napus cultivars—more resistant SY Alister and more sensitive Hornet, order to elucidate responses associated with efficient defense. Both cultivars responded by the early transient elevation of active cytokinins (predominantly cis-zeatin) auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) leaves roots, which was longer Hornet. Moderate IAA levels Hornet roots coincided a high expression biosynthetic gene nitrilase NIT1...

The acute and chronic toxicity to honeybees, Apis mellifera of water guttation dew collected from winter rape plants treated with the insecticide Nurelle D® (a.i. chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin) was investigated. Caged bees were fed on sugar syrup containing for 24 h (acute test) 10 days (chronic test). Bee mortality food consumption determined daily. A contact test performed within kept in Petri dishes (10 per dish) lined filter paper saturated solution. oral tests showed that did not exceed...

Abstract Drastic reductions of insect diversity and abundance have been observed in highly fragmented agricultural landscapes central Europe. Declines pollinators may detrimental effects on the reproduction wild insect‐pollinated plants as well yield crops. In order to mitigate such impacts, sown flower strips arable land within Agri‐Environment Climate Schemes (AECS) are supported across EU countries. However, it is not clear whether provide equivalent benefits flower‐visiting insects...

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop in the Czech Republic and Poland. Clubroot disease caused by pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae a serious still-growing problem for growers both countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate pathotype composition P. populations from Poland, according three evaluation systems, determine soil inoculum loads representative fields via traditional end-point PCR as well quantitative analysis. There were considerable differences between...

The experiments were carried out on 5 different bioproducts for control of Verticillium longisporum in oilseed rape. For vitro trials, greenhouse trials and field the used based bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas veronii) fungi (Pythium oligandrum, Trichoderma asperellum, Coniothyrium minitans). In some products (based asperellum) showed a 100% inhibition effect pathogen whole trial period 45 days. significant differences effectiveness (P < 0.00723) compared to control. Three...

Influence of growth regulators chlormequat chloride, ethephon, trinexapac-ethyl, and a combination chloride ethephon on decreasing sunflower height was examined in the years 2006-2009. Height reduced by as much 63 cm double application (915 g/ha) + (465 at early later stage (BBCH 32 50). Trinexapac-ethyl (375 did not affect height. One-time (1440-2160 g/ha), (458 (233 30 or 50), (480 30) sufficient for ca reduction during flowering, but this effect last until harvest. With lasted For BBCH 50...

Effect in reducing maize plant height using growth regulators ethephon, chlormequat chloride (CCC), CCC + and mepiquat prohexadione-Ca was studied field experiments during 2010 2011. It found that could be reduced by as much 125 cm (49% of control) a double application ethephon (576 g a.i./ha) at stages BBCH 18-19 34-36. The other displayed weak or no influence. An optimum level shortening achieved 34-36 (reducing 40-90 cm), but it is necessary to count upon yield loss 0.5-0.6 t/ha.

The honey bee is one of the insects that significantly endangered by application pesticides in cultivation crops. Not only acute toxicity dangerous, but importance chronic poisoning low doses hives growing. behavior bees can be affected not insecticide residues also herbicide and fungicide residues. In 2016–2018, samples bread were analysed for pesticide content at 25 different localities from intensive agricultural production areas Czech Republic. Substances extracted QuEChERS determined...

Abstract Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is a potyvirus and member of the bean common (BCMV) lineage. It one most economically important viral pathogens cucurbits worldwide was first reported in Czech Republic 2011 from serological surveys (2005–2011). In this study, we confirmed identification by determining complete coding regions five WMV isolates using high‐throughput sequencing Sanger (MW188031; OP585149–OP585152), together with coat protein (CP) genes 26 additional isolates. Phylogenies...

Influence of plant growth regulators chlormequat chloride, chloride + ethephon, and mepiquat prohexadione-Ca pyraclostrobin ammonium sulphate (BAS67800F BAS00800D) on decreasing sunflower height was evaluated. It determined that can be reduced by as much 30 cm. In the case BAS67800F sulphate, there a slight difference between application at BBCH 31-33 50-51, whereas for ethephon better time 50-51. For better, but reduction did not endure until harvest. Flower head diameter shortly before...

In experiments with winter rape during 2004-2008, we examined the effectiveness of fungicides containing active ingredients based upon triazoles and SBI inhibitors (group A): flusilazole 250 g/l a.i., 125 a.i. + carbendazim cyproconazole 120 300 Fungicides older newer triazoles, strobilurins, SDH B) were also used: 80g/l azoxystrobin 200 prothioconazole tebuconazole boscalid dimoxystrobin The application group A against S. sclerotiorum BBCH 65-69 growth stage had demonstratively higher...

In 2005 we determined the effectiveness of two preparations against gall pod midge in dependence on different terms application, i.e. at full flowering (BBCH 65) and after 67) winter oilseed rape. The tests were carried out three localities Czech Republic, used Calypso 480 SC (a.i. thiacloprid) Karate Zeon 5CS lambda-cyhalothrin). It was found that applying BBCH 67 significantly more effective than treatment 65.

During 2010-2012, we monitored flight activity of male and female stem weevils (Ceutorhynchus napi, C. pallidactylus) using yellow water traps, the effectiveness various application dates for insecticide thiacloprid (72 g active ingredient/ha), influence on yield. The first occurrence beetles in traps was recorded after soil temperature at 5 cm reached 8°C all experimental years. In years, males pallidactylus dominated times beetles' occurrence. most effective applications stated rate were...

Small plot trials studying the impact of different seed treatments on occurrence pests and diseases in autumn were carried out during 2000-2003. The aim was to verify efficiency fungicidal insecticidal oilseed rape determine economical effectiveness this method protection. following used: Promet 400 CS (furathiocarb), Cosmos 500 FS (fipronil), Chinook 200 (imidacloprid & beta-cyfluthrin) Marshal ST (carbosulfan). treatment combination with newly developed compound also assessed. most...

In experiments using Petri dishes in the laboratory and pots a greenhouse climate chamber, we examined influence of seed treatment on emergence poppy. Four types fungi (Alternaria spp., Dendryphion penicillatum, Fusarium Penicillium spp.) were detected poppy seeds, with highest infection rate being 72% for D. penicillatum. Surface disinfection decreased chiefly penicillatum (by 32%) Alternaria spp. 16%). Seed increased by 9-10% but only 0-6% experiments. Temperature plays an important role...

Abstract Clubroot is caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin and has become a serious problem in oilseed rape production Czech Republic. The disease was previously widespread commercial vegetable hobby gardens. Whereas restricted only to NE, since 2010 clubroot been spreading across whole country. A five-year monitoring of occurrence based on symptoms detection fields accomplished Union Oilseed Growers Processors. presence P. reported all regions Republic, except Ústecký...

Changes in ribonucleases (RNases) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P DH) activities, their content subcellular localisation were studied relation to virus multiplication susceptible (cv. Samsun) or resistant (transgenic breeding line NCTG 83) tobacco plants infected with the potato YN (necrotic strain of PVY). Activities RNases G6P DH from diseased markedly increased during experimental period significantly correlated curve PVYN. In contrast, activities not changed after PVY...