Experiments that assign intact groups to treatment conditions are increasingly common in social research. In educational research, the assigned often schools. The design of group-randomized experiments requires knowledge intraclass correlation structure compute statistical power and sample sizes required achieve adequate power. This article provides a compilation values academic achievement related covariate effects could be used for planning education. It also variance component information...

Recent citizen deaths involving police use of force have increased discussion surrounding accountability and community relations. One piece this is the body worn cameras (BWCs) by officers. Unfortunately, little rigorous research has been conducted to estimate effectiveness BWCs in reducing problematic police-citizen interactions. In paper, we two measures comparing incidents that occur a squad assigned control. First, effect being BWC (but not necessarily using camera) on complaints...

National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) included five unique mental health measures in Waves 1 2 that researchers can use to measure the overall emotional of participants: depressive symptoms, happiness–unhappiness, anxiety perceived stress, felt loneliness. For each, we detail rationale for its development explain how score, analyze, interpret results. NSHAP developed by modifying traditional short-form scales improve response efficiency reduce respondent burden. Scoring...

Background: Cluster-randomized experiments that assign intact groups such as schools or school districts to treatment conditions are increasingly common in educational research. Such inherently multilevel designs whose sensitivity (statistical power and precision of estimates) depends on the variance decomposition across levels. This is usually summarized by intraclass correlation (ICC) structure and, if covariates used, effectiveness explaining variation at each level design. Objectives:...

Objectives: To examine possible effects of housing foreclosure on neighborhood levels crime and to assess temporal lags in the impact crime. Methods: Longitudinal data from Glendale, Arizona, a city at epicenter nation’s problem. The authors rely four sources: (1) data, (2) computer-aided dispatch (CAD)/police records management system (RMS) (3) U.S. census estimate (4) land use data. Results: Foreclosure has short-term impact, typically no more than 3 months, total crime, property violent 4...

Investigations of how criminal justice actors contribute to variation in sentencing typically focus on the role played by judge. We argue that should be viewed as a collaborative process involving other than judge and prosecutor is particularly salient. also contend courtroom workgroup literature has suggested sentences may vary depending particular whom case assigned. By using unique data set from three U.S. district courts ( N = 2,686) identifies both handling case, we examine judge,...

To describe the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and Candida among community-dwelling postmenopausal women in United States determine their change with age, using estimates based on Waves 1 2 National Social Life, Health Aging Project (NSHAP). : Self-administered vaginal swabs were collected in-home from aged 57–85 (n = 1,016) Wave again 5 years later 883). Gram-stained specimens evaluated for BV Nugent score as well presence Candida. was prevalent 23% 38% increased age. Women...

The learning environment is a complex for conducting evaluations. Students, teachers, and schools all play role in shaping the environment, which can lead to differences student achievement. Hence designing an evaluation with capacity detect effectiveness of educational intervention on achievement requires careful planning. A key part planning statistical power analysis that considers multilevel nature design. This study provides empirical estimates design parameters necessary adequately...

Intraclass correlations are used to summarize the variance decomposition in populations with multilevel hierarchical structure. There has recently been considerable interest estimating intraclass from surveys or designed experiments provide design parameters for planning future large-scale randomized experiments. The large sample distribution of estimates correlation two-level situations is well known. Contemporary educational and social often involve sampling designs three four levels...

Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine whether an increasing number foreclosures in a neighborhood subsequently increase disorder and the temporal relationship between is different before during housing crisis. Methods We employ longitudinal data impact foreclosure on crime G lendale, A rizona, city at epicenter nation's problem. rely three sources: (1) data, (2) Computer‐Aided Dispatch/Police Records Management System (3) U . S Census census estimate data. Results Our...

The Phoenix TRUCE Project was modeled after the Chicago CeaseFire program. There have been relatively few process and impact evaluations on model compared to level of funding attention program has rendered. This paper presents findings related evaluation project. We found that engaged in a strong media campaign, conducted conflict mediations, identified high-risk individuals for case management. did not, however, establish coordinated collaborative relationship with faith-based community or...

Purpose De-escalation training for police has received widespread attention as a method reducing unnecessary and excessive use of force. There is virtually no research on de-escalation, result, there little understanding about what it is, includes whether effective. The current study compares attitudes the importance de-escalation among officers who were randomly assigned to participate (or not) in training. Design/methodology/approach draws from larger randomized controlled trial Tempe,...

Purpose: Because costs associated with malpractice litigation draw substantial resources away from patient care, many health care organizations are seeking efficient methods to manage these risks. The purpose of this study was identify by which commonly available satisfaction indicators could be used potential Subject and Methods: Using data the risk management department a large academic medical center, we combined yearly administrative records 1998 2006 malpractice-related activity, scores...

Trust influences charitable-giving behavior. However, prevailing theoretical discussion and empirical study of the effects trust suffer from confusion over different dimensions trust. In addition to distinction between particularistic in individual organizations generalized unknown others, we differentiate strangers, institutions, charitable writ large. An analysis concentrates on latter two, finding that confidence directly giving while institutional does not. We assert influence may help...