Abstract Objectives New generation intraoral scanners are promoted to be suitable for digital scans of long-span edentulous spaces and completely arches; however, the evidence is lacking. The current study evaluated accuracy scanning (IOS) in partially arch models analyzed influence operator experience on accuracy. Materials methods Four different resin (completely maxilla mandible) were scanned, using a new IOS device ( n = 20 each). Ten each model performed by an IOS-experienced...

The drag-reducing ability of the seal fur surface was tested in a rectangular channel flow using water and glycerol-water mixture to measure pressure drop along order evaluate friction factors wide range Reynolds number conditions, drag reduction effect confirmed quantitatively. maximum ratio evaluated be 12% for mixture. effective number, where remarkable, wider compared that riblet measured this previous studies. It also found surface, unlike riblets, any increase due roughness not up...

A new liquid-crystal thermometry method is described to determine an isothermal map on a heat transfer surface coated with cholesteric layer that changes color according temperature. This based the use of set sharp band-pass optical filters, one which attached black-and-white video camera take monochromatic image having specified color. From image, line was drawn aid digital processing technique excludes human sensation. We obtain as many lines filters and can map. An experiment presented...

The effectiveness of a previously developed unsintered hydroxyapatite (uHA) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) hydrophilic membrane as resorbable barrier for guided bone regeneration (GBR) was evaluated. Critical-size 8-mm diameter defects were surgically generated in the parietal bones 24 12-week-old male Wistar rats, which then divided into three groups either uHA/PLLA or collagen no (control) placed onto defect. Following sacrifice animals 2 4 weeks after surgery, examined using microcomputed...

Abstract Natural convection in a hemisphere was studied with bottom surface heated and hemispherical cooled. Heat transfer flow visualization experiments were performed. The range of Rayleigh number Prandtl 9 × 106 <Ra<7 109 6<Pr<860 for heat experiment 2 105 <Ra<3 107 6 <Pr< 860 experiment. characteristic empirically correlated by the following relation as function number: Nu=0.2352 Ra 0.242. value exponent 0.242 is close to 0.25 which corresponds case laminar natural vertical parallel...

Natural convection in a hemisphere was studied with bottom surface heated and hemispherical cooled. Heat transfer flow visualization experiments were performed. The range of Rayleigh number Prandtl 9 × 106 <Ra<7 109 6<Pr<860 for heat experiment 2 105 <Ra<3 107 6 <Pr< 860 experiment. characteristic empirically correlated by the following relation as function number: Nu=0.2352 Ra 0.242. value exponent 0.242 is close to 0.25 which corresponds case laminar natural vertical parallel plates....

The experimental results of laminarization phenomena strongly heated He gas flow in a vertical circular tube are presented. inlet Reynolds numbers Rei range 1, 340-40, 000 and the dimensionless average heat flux parameter q+i(=qw/G·cp·Ti) up to 7.2×10-3. Turbulent fluctuations measured by hot-wire anemometer flow. intermittent similar isothermal transitional appears even if bulk number is larger than number. When more added, fluctuation typical turbulent suppressed almost completely....

Soft tissues are important for aesthetic considerations in implant therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate soft tissue augmentation by using porous poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA)shaped as a tablet, with diameter of5.0 mmand height of2.0 mm. Porous PDLLA implanted between the periosteal and epithelial 25 rats that were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 12, 24 weeks. average scaffolds approximately weeks 1.85 ±0.08 mm, molecular weight decreased time. Sinusoidal capillaries 1 week, connective...

Heated turbulent gas flow in an annular duct is numerically analyzed using the k-kL-uv 3-equation turbulence model. Special attention paid to laminar-turbulent transitional region. In case of outer tube only heated, heat transfer coefficient downstream becomes constant and a new correlation, which independent flux, proposed. The similar result obtained inner heated. both tubes laminarization does not occur under condition flux less than certain magnitude on one it depend other tube. regime...

Heat transfer experiments have been conducted for strongly heated gas flow in an annular duct. Special attention is paid to the laminar-turbulent transitional region. The results show that laminarization was not observed within range of experiments, although this phenomenon took place a circular pipe when other conditions were same. Above certain heat flux, coefficient downstream region tends follow new correlation : Nus=0.071Re0.6b Pr0.4b, which independent flux. Numerical analyses are made...

Previous studies have shown that porous composite blocks containing uncalcined hydroxyapatite (u-HA; 70 wt%) with a scaffold of poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA, 30 are biodegradable, encourage appropriate bone formation, and suitable for use as substitute in vertical ridge augmentation. The present study aimed to accelerate osteogenesis formation by adding types 1 3 collagen the u-HA/PDLLA assessing effect. comprised u-HA (70 PDLLA (27–29 enriched (1.7 ~ 3.4 wt%). control were composed (30 materials...

Heat transfer experiments have been conducted on strongly heated gas flow in an annular duct. Special attention is paid to the laminar-turbulent transitional region. The results show that laminarization was not observed within range of although this phenomenon took place a circular pipe when other conditions were same. Above certain heat flux, coefficient downstream tends follow new correlation: Nus=0.071Reb0.6Prb0.4 which independent flux. Numerical analyses are made using 3 types...

Some cholesteric liquid crystals change their color according to temperature and are used show distribution on a surface qualitatively. The present study developed quantitative method by which can be displayed just like an infra-red thremo-camera. At first, the theoretical ground is presented. spectral properties of crystal optical filters determined. Calibration methods described accuracy this evaluated as 0.2°C, order resolution 0.01°C. For application, distributions heated surfaces...

The temperature and flow distributions in a horizontal silicone oil layer circular cylinder heated from below cooled above are visualized by means of liquid crystal particle suspension method. In Rayleigh number range 106 to 108, thermal plumes travel between both upper lower plates through fluid transport energy directly the plates. Consequently, cold spots emerge vicinity hot plate. For plate, just vice versa. This explains gradient reversal previous studies others.

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the thermo-hydraulic behavior a fluid region confined in rectangular parallelepiped cavity equipped with heater and cooler. motivation clarify thermal buffer effect for an innovative marine nuclear reactor realize passive safety. In present study, experiments were carried out conditions laminar convection. Temperature flow was visualized by liquid-crystal suspension method, which temperature distribution liquid can be observed as colored...

The pressure losses for three kinds of fur surfaces (those ribbon, spotted and harp seals) were measured in a rectangular water channel flow using the glycerol-water mixture. data compared with those smooth riblet surfaces. drag reduction could be obtained all seal maximum reductions estimated to about 12% on ribbon seal, 8.5% 3.5% glycerol-water. Compared surface, range Reynolds number where ratio was almost wider hydrophilic property, while it not surface hydrophobic property. It found...