Linear viscoelasticity (LVE) of low-ion-content and low-molecular-weight (nonentangled) randomly sulfonated polystyrene shows a sol–gel transition when the average number ionic groups per chain approaches unity. This can be well understood by regarding ionizable sites over as relevant functionality for cross-linking. For ionomers below but very close to gel point, LVE power law relaxation similar gelation chemical Nevertheless, near beyond point also show terminal not seen in chemically...

The association energy Ea, one of the most important parameters associative polymers, is related to a ratio two timescales: attempt time τ0 that controls Rouse-type motion and sticker lifetime τs dissociation. For sulfonated polystyrene slightly above gel point, moduli contributed from dissociation are sufficiently but not strongly separated over timescale, thus, temperature dependences can be resolved separately analyzing high low frequency obtained sweep measurements. A enables us...

Effects of selective location silica nanoparticles on the phase separation poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PMMA/SAN) blends were investigated via combination rheological method and optical microscopy. Through grafting polystyrene chain to surface nanoparticles, controlled selectively locate at interfaces or in PMMA-rich domains. Power-law analysis moduli shifted Cole–Cole plots applied determine transition temperature (apparent binodal temperature) blend with...

Abstract Background Associations between constipation and dietary fibre water intake, as well various lifestyle factors, have not been fully evaluated. The present study aimed to investigate associations intake constipation, other possible risk factors for in a large adult population. Methods Data obtained from 14 024 adults aged ≥20 years three cycles of the National Health Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ) 2005–2010, who had completed bowel health questionnaire, were included this...

Aiming at an easy-processing metallo-supramolecular polymer which possesses the shape memory property and large deformation ability, we designed a simple metal coordination complex: blends of zinc-neutralized carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (PSVP). The two polymers are tightly bound due to interactions between Zn2+ ions from pyridine group PSVP. elastomer had reasonably good mechanical properties was thermoplastic. Improvements in were realized rheology...

Traditional wireless image transmission methods struggle to balance rate efficiency and reconstruction quality under varying channel conditions. To address these challenges, we propose a novel semantic communication (SemCom) system that integrates entropy-aware channel-adaptive mechanisms for over multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) fading channels. Unlike existing approaches, our dynamically adjusts rates based on the entropy of feature maps, state information (CSI),...

The linear viscoelastic (LVE) behavior of oligomeric sulfonated polystyrene ionomers (SPS) and binary blends two SPS with different sulfonation levels cations was compared to the predictions reversible gelation model for rheology [Macromolecules 2015, 48, 1221−1230]. Binary had same gel point as neat ionomer components if a mixing rule used calculate an average level blend. blends, however, exhibited broader relaxation time distribution than having number density ions. A ionic dissociation...

The linear and nonlinear rheological behaviors of nonentangled sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) ionomers near the sol–gel transition were studied. When degree sulfonation, p, was below gel point, ionomer exhibited sol-like viscoelastic (LVE) behavior, shear thinning observed for steady flow. For p close to showed power-law-like LVE behavior over a wide frequency range. Strain hardening thickening observed, their magnitudes depended on temperature, molecular weight PS precursor, Coulomb energy...

In this paper, we report the highly efficient bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device structure via utilizing ultrathin layer of lithium sulfonated polystyrene (LiSPS) ionomer to reengineer surface solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) electron extraction (EEL). The unique lithium-ionic conductive LiSPS contributes enhanced electrical conductivity ZnO/LiSPS EEL, which not only facilitates charge from BHJ active but also minimizes energy loss within...

The reactive compatibilization of polystyrene/ethylene‐α‐octene copolymer (PS/POE) blend via Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction was investigated by rheology and electron microscope. It found that the graft formed from interfacial reduced domain size decreased coarsening rate morphology. reduction tension is very limited according to mean field theory even assuming all block stays on interface. With help self‐consistent rheological constitutive models, distribution successfully estimated....

This study examines the brittle-to-ductile transition of sulfonated polystyrene ionomers (SPS) with different counterions. The precursor was unentangled and had two ionic groups per chain on average. Thus, its terminal relaxation time comparable to lifetime associating groups. Three types ionomer samples were used tune association lifetime: (1) fully neutralized SPS alkali-metal counterions, (2) mixed sodium cesium (3) partially or For all three systems, could be represented by a diagram...

The linear viscoelastic (LVE) behavior of partially neutralized oligomeric sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) ionomers with different degrees sulfonation (p) and neutralization (x) was investigated. ionic dissociation time, τs, obtained from the reversible gelation model [Chen Macromolecules 2015, 48, 1221−1230] is mainly controlled by degree, x, rather than functional group (i.e., sulfonic acid metal sulfonate) concentration, p. For a fixed p, increasing x significantly increases τs zero shear...

This paper proposes a very simple method for enhancing the performance of infrared electronic-toll-collection systems. Using two typical low-cost commercial LEDs with different half-intensity angles Phi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sub> = 22deg and 10deg, radiation pattern emitting module an short-range communication system applications is designed. enables us to construct that has extended region can withstand high...

Novel fluorescence and SERS encoded microspheres based on poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) were developed by a controllable approach.The four dyes three surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) probes.Multiple could be simultaneously incorporated into the PGMA for encoding intensity of can tuned adjusting feeding ratio.The coated silver nanoparticles single multiple reporters.The joint fabricated.All signals excited at 488 nm.The fluorescent dual-mode obtained from two optical channels...

Abstract If an elastomer containing polar groups forms interchain associations, can we observe them independently from the effect of chain entanglement? Polyethylacrylate and polyepichlorohydrin are elastomers. Our previous deformational study indicated that these elastomers contain which stronger than physical entanglements. The conclusion was based on results large, unidirectional extension small simple shear measurements. On other hand, butadiene—acrylonitrile copolymer (NBR) 33%...

Abstract The lattice theory [1, 2] of the thermodynamics polymer solutions introduced in early 1940s has been very useful for qualitatively explaining state chains solution. However, model also contained unreasonable postulations. On this Flory stated his book published 1953 [3], “The adoption a scheme is not itself necessarily hazardous idealization. succeeding postulate, namely, that same may be used to describe configurations both pure components and solution, much more serious one from...

Abstract The use of concentrated polymer solutions is one the basic techniques in application polymers. They may be coating materials, plasticized polymers, and oil-extended rubber. In these applications solubility relation key requirements. polymer-solvent interaction expected to influence mechanical property mixture. It intent this study explore how dynamic affected by change thermodynamic parameter solutions. theoretical development based on several assumptions: (1) a chain amorphous...