Abstract Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) are a superfamily of plant cell wall proteins that function in diverse aspects growth and development. This consists three members: hyperglycosylated arabinogalactan (AGPs), moderately glycosylated extensins (EXTs), lightly proline-rich (PRPs). Hybrid chimeric versions HRGP molecules also exist. In order to “mine” genomic databases for HRGPs facilitate guide research the field, BIO OHIO software program was developed identifies classifies...

Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) are important structural components of plant cell walls and also accumulate in response to infection as an apparent defense mechanism. Accumulation HRGP mRNA biologically stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cells was monitored by blot hybridization with (32)P-labeled tomato genomic sequences. Elicitor treatment suspension-cultured caused a marked increase hybridizable mRNA. The less rapid but more prolonged than that observed for mRNAs encoding...

• Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are implicated in cell expansion by unknown mechanisms, thus AGP content and cell-expansion rate might be correlated. We used Yariv reagent to quantify release rates distribution of at the surface tobacco BY-2 cells: plasma membrane (M); soluble periplasmic AGPs released rupture (S); wall (W); growth medium (Gsink). In contrast earlier reports, we observed massive upregulation salt-stressed cells, hence absence a simple, direct cause-and-effect relationship...

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are complex glycoconjugates that commonly found at the cell surface and in secretions of plants. Their location diversity structures have made them attractive targets as modulators plant development but definitive proof their direct role(s) biological processes remains elusive. Here we overview current state knowledge on AGPs, identify key challenges impeding progress field propose approaches using modern bioinformatic, (bio)chemical, biological, molecular...

Fundamental processes that underpin plant growth and development depend crucially on the action assembly of cell wall, a dynamic structure changes in response to both developmental environmental cues. While much is known about wall biosynthesis, less functions individual components, particularly with respect their potential roles cellular signaling. Loss-of-function mutants two arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific galactosyltransferases namely, GALT2 GALT5, confer pleiotropic phenotypes...

Summary Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a family of highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline‐rich glycoproteins impli‐ cated in various aspects plant growth and development. (β‐D‐glucosyl) 3 (β‐D‐galactosyl) Yariv phenylglycosides, commonly known as reagents, specifically bind AGPs non‐covalent manner. Here reagent was added to Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures determined induce programmed death (PCD) by three criteria: (i) DNA fragmentation detected terminal deoxynucleotidyl...

Abstract Effects of increasing salt concentrations 0, 180, 360 mol im3 sodium chloride (NaCl), on growth, succulence, mineral composition, and glycinebetaine content in Haloxylon recurvum was investigated. Fresh dry weight plants increased with an increase salinity. Succulence shoots at low salinity decreased high Root shoot Ca+, Mg+, K+content while both Na+ Cl‐ increased, reaching 4,900 5,300 mmol kg‐1 weight, respectively. Glycinebetaine (mol m‐3 tissue water) significantly NaCl, but did...

Virtually nothing is known about the mechanisms and enzymes responsible for glycosylation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The glycosyltransferase 37 family contains plant-specific enzymes, which suggests involvement in organs such as cell wall. Our working hypothesis that AtFUT4 AtFUT6 genes encode alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferases (FUTs) AGPs. Multiple lines evidence support this hypothesis. First, overexpression two tobacco BY2 cells, to contain nonfucosylated AGPs, resulted a staining...

Hydroxyproline-O-galactosyltransferase (GALT) initiates O-glycosylation of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs). We previously characterized GALT2 (At4g21060), and now report on functional characterization GALT5 (At1g74800). was identified using heterologous expression in Pichia an vitro GALT assay. Product showed specifically adds galactose to hydroxyproline AGP protein backbones. Functions were elucidated by phenotypic analysis single double mutant plants. Allelic galt5 galt2 mutants,...

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are ubiquitous components of cell walls throughout the plant kingdom and extensively post translationally modified by conversion proline to hydroxyproline (Hyp) addition arabinogalactan polysaccharides (AG) Hyp residues. AGPs implicated function in various aspects growth development, but functional contributions AGP glycans remain be elucidated. glycosylation is initiated action a set Hyp-O-galactosyltransferase (Hyp-O-GALT) enzymes that fully characterized....

Extensins (EXTs) are a family of plant cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) that implicated to play important roles in growth, development, and defense. Structurally, EXTs characterized by the repeated occurrence serine (Ser) followed three five prolines (Pro) residues, which hydroxylated as hydroxyproline (Hyp) glycosylated. Some have Tyrosine (Tyr)-X-Tyr (where X can be any amino acid) motifs responsible for intramolecular or intermolecular cross-linkings. divided into...

Abstract Background Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are one of the most complex protein families in plant kingdom and present cell walls all land plants. AGPs implicated diverse biological processes such as growth, development, reproduction, stress responses. extensively glycosylated by addition type II arabinogalactan (AG) polysaccharides to hydroxyproline residues their cores. Glucuronic acid (GlcA) is only negatively charged sugar added functions GlcA on remain be elucidated. Results...

Abstract Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf. is a perennial grass found on the coastal dunes of Karachi, Pakistan. plants were grown in 0, 90,180, and 360 mol m‐3 NaCl sand culture using sub‐irrigation method. Fresh dry weight roots shoots peaked at 90 NaCl. A further increase salinity inhibited plant growth, ultimately resulting death The relative growth rate was highest between 60 days after final concentrations reached. Maximum succulence noted Water potential osmotic became more negative...

Summary Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), a family of hydroxyproline‐rich glycoproteins, occur throughout the plant kingdom. The lysine‐rich classical AGP subfamily in Arabidopsis consists three members, AtAGP17, 18 and 19. In this study, AtAGP19 was examined terms its gene expression pattern function. mRNA abundant stems, with moderate levels flowers roots low leaves. promoter‐controlled GUS activity high vasculature leaves, roots, stems flowers, as well styles siliques. A null T‐DNA...

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), a superfamily of plant hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, are present at cell surfaces. Although precise functions AGPs remain elusive, they widely implicated in growth and development. A well-characterized classical tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) AGP containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol plasma membrane anchor sequence was used here to elucidate functional roles AGPs. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells stably expressing...