Abstract The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main driver of interannual climate extremes in Amazonia and other tropical regions. current 2015/2016 EN event was expected to be as strong century 1997/98, with extreme heat drought over most Amazonian rainforests. Here we show that this protracted event, combined regional warming trend, associated unprecedented a larger extent compared earlier events 1982/83 1997/98. Typical EN-like conditions were observed only eastern Amazonia,...

The Harmonized Landsat/Sentinel-2 (HLS) project aims to generate a seamless surface reflectance product by combining observations from USGS/NASA Landsat-8 and ESA Sentinel-2 remote sensing satellites. These satellites’ sampling characteristics provide nearly constant observation geometry low illumination variation through the scene. However, throughout year impacts producing higher values for solar zenith angles lower large angles. In this work, we present model derive bidirectional...

The recent 2015–2016 El Niño (EN) event was considered as strong the EN in 1997–1998. Given such magnitude, it expected to result extreme warming and moisture anomalies tropical areas. Here we characterize spatial patterns of temperature drought over forests, including South America (Amazonia), Africa Asia/Indonesia during event. These are compared with those observed previous events (1982–1983 1997–1998) other moderate (e.g. 2004–2005 2009–2010). link between sea surface central eastern...

This paper presents the Global Atmospheric Profiles derived from Reanalysis Information (GAPRI) database, which was designed for earth surface temperature retrieval. GAPRI is a comprehensive compilation of selected atmospheric vertical profiles at global scale can be used radiative transfer simulation in order to obtain generalized algorithms estimate land (LST). includes information on geopotential height, pressure, air temperature, and relative humidity European Centre Medium-Range Weather...

A set of Essential Climate Variables (ECV) have been defined to be monitored by current and new remote sensing missions. The ECV retrieved at global scale need validated in order provide reliable products used applications. For this, test sites are required use calibration validation the approaches improve retrievals scale. southern hemisphere presents scarce for field campaigns that focus on soil moisture land surface temperature retrievals. In Chile, applications related estimates...

Wheat is the most important commodity traded in international food market. Thus, accurate and timely information on wheat production can help mitigate price fluctuations. Within existing operational regional global scale agricultural monitoring systems that provide crop yield area forecasts, there are still fundamental gaps: #1. Lack of quantitative Earth Observation (EO) derived information, #2. but detailed (national or subnational level) forecasts #3. forecast uncertainties. In this study...

Monitoring and forecasting crop yields is a critical component of understanding better addressing global food security challenges. Detailed spatial information on crop-type distribution fundamental for in-season condition monitoring over large agricultural areas, as it enables the extraction crop-specific signals. Yet, availability such data within growing season often limited. Within this context, study seeks to develop practical approach extract signal yield in cases where rotations are...

This work presents the calibration and evaluation of an optical-passive microwave method for retrieving soil moisture (SM) at regional scale using remote sensing reanalysis data. Several data sets were used, such as bipolarized brightness temperature provided by SM Ocean Salinity (SMOS) L3 product, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), water content first 0-7 cm depth ERA-Interim reanalysis, 13 land cover classes obtained...

The Amazon forest has been the focus of study by science community during last few decades. Remote sensing data analysis is only way to such a large geographical extent an extended period time. Since launch in 2015 Sentinel 2 and its increase temporal resolution through combination with Landsat sensors, strong emphasis put on exploiting these data. Though satellites provide near nadir observations, surface reflectance time series are affected illumination variability throughout year. These...

In this paper, we evaluate the near-surface air temperature datasets from ERA-Interim (ERAI), Japanese 55-Year Reanalysis, Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2, NCEP1, NCEP2 reanalysis projects. Reanalysis data were first compared to observations weather stations located on wheat areas of United States Ukraine, then evaluated in context a winter yield forecast model. Results comparison with station showed that all performed well (r <sup...

The long-term data record (LTDR) from the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) provides daily surface reflectance with global coverage 1980s to present day, making it a unique source of information for study land properties and their dynamics. Surface is critical input generation products such as vegetation indices, albedo, cover. Therefore, utmost importance quantify its uncertainties better understand how they might propagate into downstream products. Due prolonged length LTDR...

This work presents the preliminary results of first field calibration campaign performed in Atacama Desert, Chile, between 18 and 22 August 2014, called Field Campaign (ATAFIC 2014). In situ measurements were order to spectrally characterize surface reflectance spectra 0.3 2.5 µm, radiometric temperature (8.0–14.0 µm) atmospheric measurements. A soil sample was collected analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy X-Ray Diffraction techniques mineralogical composition,...

The application of Earth observation sensor data in quantitative approaches calls on the conversion original digital numbers to radiometric quantities such as radiance or reflectance. This depends absolute calibration. One postlaunch methods adopted calibrate orbital sensors is reflectance-based approach. According this method, a reference surface with specifics characteristics required. main objective work evaluate suitability specific located at Atacama Desert Chile be used for calibration...

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in world. Timely and accurate forecast wheat yield production at global scale vital implementing food security policy. Becker-Reshef et al. (2010) developed a generalized empirical model for forecasting winter using remote sensing data official statistics. This was implemented static maps. In this paper, we analyze impact incorporating yearly masks into model. We propose new approach producing season maps exploiting satellite statistics on crop...

The long-term data record (LTDR) has the goal of developing a quality and consistent Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) surface reflectance albedo products dating back to 1982 at 0.05° spatial resolution. Distinguishing between cloud snow is critical importance when analyzing global trends, for they influence Earth's energy balance. However, this task specially challenging working with AVHRR given its limited spectral bands. Therefore, current version LTDR does not distinguish...

Evapotranspiration is an essential component for the assessment of water dynamic in agriculture and estimation demand by crops. Its becomes more difficult over row crops due to differences between canopy inter-row space. In this work, lysimeter data was combined integrated with radiative meteorological evaluate energy fluxes a raspberry crop during summer month. These measurements allowed determine vegetation bare soil inter-row. It determined that 15% precipitation intercepted vegetation,...

The calibration/validation of remote sensing products is a key step that needs to be done before its use in different kinds environmental applications and ensure the success missions. In order compare measurements from sensors on spacecrafts airborne platforms with in-situ data, it necessary perform spectral comparison process takes into account relative response sensors. This technical note presents RSR Calculator, new tool estimate, through numerical convolution, values corresponding each...

&lt;p align="justify"&gt;In remote sensing, validation exercises are essential to ensure the quality of products originated from satellite Earth observations. To assess measurement uncertainty derived products, several ground field data different ecosystems must be available for use. In same order importance, it is necessary define sampling and up-scaling methodologies allow a suitable comparison between pixel size product. This paper shows applied methodology used in FP7 ImagineS project...

In this work we present results of an early assessment the performance Land Surface Temperature (LST) product retrieved from Sea and Radiometer (SLSTR) on board Sentinel-3 satellite (S3/SLSTR) over Amazon basin. Results are validated comparison S3/SLSTR retrievals against in situ measurements surface temperature collected one instrumented site Peruvian Amazon. The validation exercise was performed standard Level-2 LST as well a dedicated split-window algorithm with explicit dependence...

Soil moisture is one of the biosphere's most essential climatic variables. However, its periodical monitoring at regional scales using in-situ measurements complex. In this context, L-band microwaves observations from passive remote sensors appear as an important tool for estimation soil scales. work, a semi-empirical model to estimate values observation was calibrated and evaluated over several land cover classes in heterogeneous study area Chile. For this, 3 years (2010, 2011 2012)...

In this work we analyzed the impact of using surface air temperature data from different reanalysis products on forecast made by a winter wheat yield model. The model uses information accumulated Growing Degree Day (GDD) during growing season to estimate peak NDVI signal [3], [4]. Four datasets generated NCEP2, MERRA2, JRA55, and ERA-Interim projects were compared NCEP1 over United States Ukraine. For this, bias was both spatially per-pixel basis, temporally whole country. cases, highest...