High Cd content in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) grain grown the United States and Canada presents potential health economic problems for consumers growers. In an effort to understand biological processes that result excess accumulation, root uptake xylem translocation shoots seedlings of bread aestivum L.) cultivars were studied. Whole-plant accumulation was somewhat greater cultivar, but this probably because increased apoplastic binding. Concentration-dependent...

Field studies have shown that the addition of Zn to Cd-containing soils can help reduce accumulation Cd in crop plants. To understand mechanisms involved, this study used 109Cd and 65Zn examine transport interactions at root cell plasma membrane bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) durum turgidum L. var. durum). Results showed Cd2+ uptake was inhibited by Zn2+ Cd2+. Concentration-dependent both consisted a combination linear binding walls saturable, Michaelis-Menten influx across membrane....

Abstract Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. The ability of plants to maintain significant yields under low Zn termed efficiency (ZE) and its genetic mechanistic basis still not well understood. Previously, we showed that root uptake did play a role in ZE. In the current study, Zn-efficient -inefficient wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were grown 13 d chelate buffer nutrient solutions at (0.1 pm), sufficient (150 high (1 μm) Zn2+ activities analyzed root-to-shoot...

In nutritional studies, polyphenolic compounds are considered to be inhibitors of Fe bioavailability. Because they presumed act in a similar manner, total polyphenols commonly measured via the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. This study content white and black beans examined effect individual on iron uptake by Caco-2 cells. Analysis seed coat extracts LC-MS revealed presence range bean, but no detectable bean. Extracts from bean coats strongly inhibited uptake. Examination eight most...

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans a target biofortification in crops. Sulfur (S) crucial nutrient plant growth. To gain better understanding of Se S nutrition interaction plants, the effects dosages forms on growth as well level seven wheat lines were examined. Low both selenate selenite supplements found to enhance shoot biomass show no inhibitory effect grain production. The stimulation was correlated with increased APX antioxidant enzyme activity. exert...

Abstract There is considerable variability among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in their ability to grow and yield well soils that contain very low levels of available Zn. The physiological basis for this tolerance, termed Zn efficiency, unknown. We investigated the possible role Zn2+ influx across root cell plasma membrane conferring efficiency by measuring short-term 65Zn2+ uptake two contrasting cultivars, Zn-efficient cv Dagdas Zn-inefficient BDME-10. Plants were grown...

• Here, we examined the effectiveness of two approaches for reducing cadmium (Cd) accumulation in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) grain: application supplemental zinc (Zn), and use cultivars exhibiting reduced grain Cd concentrations. Two near-isogenic lines (NIL) that differ were grown to maturity solution culture containing a chelating agent buffer free activities Zn at levels approximating those field conditions. The low accumulating (L-Cd) isoline had concentrations, grains...

Background Maize is a major cereal crop widely consumed in developing countries, which have high prevalence of iron (Fe) deficiency anemia. The cause Fe these countries inadequate intake bioavailable Fe, where poverty factor. Therefore, biofortification maize by increasing concentration and or bioavailability has great potential to alleviate this deficiency. also model system for genomic research thus allows the opportunity gene discovery. Here we describe an integrated genetic physiological...

Our objective was to compare the capacity of iron (Fe) biofortified and standard pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) deliver Fe for hemoglobin (Hb)-synthesis. Pearl (PM) is common in West-Africa India, well adapted growing areas characterized by drought, low-soil fertility, high-temperature. Because its tolerance difficult conditions, it can be grown where other cereal crops, such as maize, would not survive. It accounts approximately 50% total world-production millet. Given widespread use...

Our objective was to determine if a biofortified variety of black bean can provide more bioavailable-iron (Fe) than standard variety. Two lines beans (Phaseolus-vulgaris L.), (DOR500; 59μg Fe/g) and (MIB465; 88μg were used. The DOR500 is common commercial variety, the MIB465 line developed for higher-Fe content. Given high prevalence Fe-deficiency anemia worldwide, it important Fe-biofortified absorbable-Fe. Black based diets formulated meet nutrient requirements broiler (Gallus-gallus)...

• Here we examined several physiological properties of two near-isogenic lines durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) that differ in grain cadmium accumulation, to identify the function a gene locus confers differential Cd concentrations. Time- and concentration-dependent uptake translocation studies using 109Cd were conducted on nutrient solution-grown seedlings. Root extracts analysed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, gel filtration capillary electrophoresis...

Polyphenolic compounds present in the seed coat of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are known to act collectively as inhibitors iron bioavailability. Recent research identified specific polyphenols being potent Fe uptake inhibitors. That also other promoters uptake. The study extends that work using a Caco-2 cell model characterize effects 43 additional on In addition, this indicates inhibitory have more effect outweighs ability promoting increase For example, ratio 100:0 epicatechin (a...

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars exhibit lower Zn efficiency than comparable bread aestivum L.) cultivars. To understand the physiological mechanism(s) that confers efficiency, this study used 65Zn to investigate ionic Zn2+ root uptake, binding, and translocation shoots in seedlings of durum Time-dependent accumulation during 90 min was greater roots cultivar. cell wall binding not different two In each cultivar, concentration-dependent influx characterized by a smooth,...

Interactions between absorption of paraquat and the polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermine in roots intact maize (Zea mays L. cv 3377 Pioneer) seedlings were examined. Concentration-dependent kinetics for putrescine influx similar both kinetic curves could be resolved into a linear saturable component. The component was previously shown to represent cell wall/membrane binding. components uptake, which across plasmalemma, had K(m) values 98 120 micromolar, respectively, V(max) 445 456...

Iron (Fe) deficiency is a highly prevalent micronutrient insufficiency predominantly caused by lack of bioavailable Fe from the diet. The consumption beans as major food crop in some populations suffering relatively high. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether biofortified variety cream seeded carioca bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) could provide more bioavailable-Fe than standard using in-vivo (broiler chicken, Gallus gallus) and in-vitro (Caco-2 cell) models. Studies were conducted...

Putrescine metabolism, uptake, and compartmentation were studied in roots of hydroponically grown intact maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. In vivo analysis exogenously applied putrescine indicated that the diamine is primarily metabolized by a cell wall-localized oxidase. Time-dependent kinetics for uptake could be resolved into rapid phase binding within root apoplasm, followed transport across plasma membrane was linear 30 to 40 minutes. Concentration-dependent (between 0.05 1.0 millimolar...

Uptake and compartmentation of paraquat was investigated in intact roots hydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Because this investigation focused on the transport a potentially phytotoxic species, electrophysiological studies were conducted to determine effect exposure root-cell membrane integrity. Exposure 1 mM for up 40 min or 0.1 140 had little potential, which indicates that relatively brief exposures used study (up 2 hr) The time course [14C]paraquat accumulation linear...

Half-molecule ATP-binding cassette transporters of the HMT-1 (heavy metal tolerance factor 1) subfamily are required for Cd2+ in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Based on studies S. it has been proposed that SpHMT-1 transports heavy metal·phytochelatin (PC) complexes into vacuolysosomal compartment. PCs glutathione derivatives synthesized by PC synthases (PCS) plants, fungi, C. elegans response to metals. Our previous however, suggested PCS-1...

This paper represents a series of in vitro iron (Fe) bioavailability experiments, Fe content analysis and polyphenolic profile the first generation biofortified beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) selected for human trials Rwanda released to farmers that region. The objective present study was demonstrate how Caco-2 cell bioassay can be utilized assess nutritional quality such varieties they may interact with diets meal plans experimental studies. Furthermore, experiments were also conducted directly...

The common dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a globally produced pulse crop and an important source of micronutrients for millions people across Latin America Africa. Many the preferred black red seed types in these regions have coat polyphenols that inhibit absorption iron. Yellow beans are distinct from other market classes because they accumulate antioxidant kaempferol 3-glucoside their coats. Due to fast cooking tendencies, yellow often marketed at premium prices same geographical...

Previous work with Caco-2 cell cultures has shown that individual polyphenols can either promote or inhibit iron uptake. This investigation was designed to characterize the relationship between bioavailability and seed coat polyphenol composition in a panel of 14 yellow beans representing five market classes potential for fast cooking time high content. The study included two white red mottled bean lines, which represent low capacity dry beans, respectively. Polyphenols were measured...

Seed coat darkening after a delayed harvest or prolonged storage reduces the commercial value of dry beans and is caused by oxidation procyanidin compounds (condensed tannins). Slow-darkening (SD) pinto have recessive gene (Psd), which alters production – postponing their over time. Procyanidins are important for processing nutrient bioavailability beans, therefore, this study compared postharvest cooking times iron SD varieties to regular-darkening (RD) varieties. The results show cook 30%...