Pesticide degradation studies are essential to evaluate its impact in the environment and on non-target organisms. The effect of repeated soil applications herbicide glyphosate dissipation microorganisms was studied by radiometric microbial techniques. Results indicated fast [14C]-glyphosate or [14C]metabolites extractable residues (half-life 0.92±0.29 month), but increasing half-lives total mineralization ranging from 2.2 3.4 months as number increased 1 4. No significant correlation found...

A better method for determination of shikimate in plant tissues is needed to monitor exposure plants the herbicide glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and screen kingdom high levels this valuable phytochemical precursor pharmaceutical oseltamivir. simple, rapid, efficient using microwave-assisted extraction (MWAE) with water as solvent was developed shikimic acid tissues. High performance liquid chromatography used separation acid, chromatographic data were acquired photodiode array...

To be effective, herbicides they must have strong biological activity against plants. Indirectly through their effects on plants, can influence almost any process or interaction of the plant, including its susceptibility to plant diseases. In some cases, also direct pathogens. this short review, we will discuss both types effect, and, where possible, provide mechanism for effect. We a separate section glyphosate because relatively large amount information very important herbicide diseases...

This study was undertaken to evaluate the degradation and mobility of herbicide tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N'-dimethylurea) in soil under field conditions, its potential for leaching groundwater contamination. A watershed, Espraiado, located over a recharge area Brazil, chosen water studies. At samples were collected from seven wells at intervals three months March 2004 June 2006 analyzed tebuthiuron. Other taken city outside area. To assess movement...

Oseltamivir phosphate is a potent viral inhibitor produced from shikimic acid extracted seeds of Ilicium verum, the most important natural source. With site action 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP), glyphosate only compound capable inhibiting its activity with consequent accumulation in plants. Corn and soybean plants were sprayed reduced rates (0.0 to 230.4 g a.i. ha¹) content dry mass was determined by HPLC 3, 7 10 days after application. Results showed increases up 969%...

A study in small outdoor lysimeters was carried out to determine the leaching of herbicides tebuthiuron and diuron different soil types, using undisturbed columns. Soil sorption degradation for both were also studied laboratory. The multi-layered AF (Attenuation Factor) model evaluated predicting Tebuthiuron leached greater amounts than soils. Sorption well represented by linear Freundlich equations, however parameters from equations used model. In general, presented very low sorption, with...

The objective of this study was to determine changes in gas exchange and inhibition EPSPs, based on the accumulation shikimic acid horseweed biotypes resistant sensitive glyphosate. Two experiments were conducted a factorial model. first one evaluated (one susceptible glyphosate), herbicide rates (0 1,080 g a.e. ha ¹) applied weed. In second experiment, (susceptible glyphosate) five periods as following: 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 days after application (DAH). photosynthetic rate, transpiration,...

Abstract The adsorption isotherms of mecoprop [R,S‐2‐(4‐chloro‐2‐ methylphenoxy) propanoic acid] and dichlorprop [R,S‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)propanoic on twelve calcareous soils were studied. All the fit Freundlich equation. distribution coefficients (Kf) low only significantly related with organic matter content soils. main mechanism at pH these was found to be by cation bridging between anionic forms two herbicides, external surfaces and/or negatively charged clay. Koc values for (R,S‐...

Sugarcane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production in Brazil. Growers depend greatly on herbicides to produce it. This experiment used herbicide physical-chemical sugarcane plant physiological properties simulate uptake estimate the bioconcentration factor (BCF). The (BCF) was calculated steady state chemical equilibrium between concentration soil solution. Plant-water partition coefficient (sugarcane bagasse-water coefficient), dilution rate, metabolism dissipation soil-plant...

Com o aumento da comercialização de culturas geneticamente modificadas (GM) resistentes ao glyphosate, é importante investigar a relação entre uso desse herbicida e seus efeitos no crescimento desenvolvimento plantas soja GM, assim como sua com ácido chiquímico. Nesse sentido, foi conduzido um ensaio campo outro em casa vegetação, objetivo verificar influência do glyphosate crescimento, na qualidade dos grãos bem exsudação radicular posterior absorção por plântulas convencional cultivada sob...

O movimento do herbicida tebutiuron foi analisado em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico psamítico (LVdq) e Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico (RQo), representativos das áreas de recarga aqüífero Guarani no Brasil, tendo como fatores influenciadores, a condutividade hidráulica (K), o teor carbono orgânico (CO) argila (TAr). presente estudo realizado colunas solos indeformados, com aplicação produto comercial contendo discussão. Esses parâmetros evidenciam certa influência na movimentação...

A study was conducted to evaluate the sorption and desorption of 14C herbicide saflufenacil (pyrimidinedione) in two soils State São Paulo, classified as Red Yellow Latosol with clayey texture (LVA-1) medium (LVA-2), using batch method through isotherms. The were air dried sieved a 2 mm mesh. radioactivity determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry acclimatized room (25 ± °C). Sorption isotherms for 5 concentrations (5.0; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5 0.05 μg mL-1) results adjusted Freundlich equation,...

Abstract Movement and degradation of 14C‐atrazine (2‐chloro 4‐(ethylamino)‐6‐(isopropylamino)‐s‐triazine, was studied in undisturbed soil columns (0.50m length × 0.10m diameter) Gley Humic Deep Red Latosol from a maize crop region Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Atrazine residues were largely confined to the 0–20cm layers over 12 month period degraded dealkylated metabolites deisopropylatrazine deethylatrazine, but major metabolite hydroxyatrazine, mainly soil. Activity detected leachate equivalent...

In nature, organisms are constantly exposed to more than one toxic agent, and although the phenomenon of chemical interactionsare known for some time, there few previous studies that emphasize observation effects resulting fromexposure two or substances. The aim this study was evaluate combined effect mixture herbicideGesapax 500® (ametrina 500 g/L) Velpar K® (diuron 468 g/kg + hexazinone 132 g/kg) on zebrafish (Danio rerio). testwas based Fish Embryo Toxicity (FET) from OECD, lasting 96...

Com a difusão do uso de agrotóxicos, torna-se necessário aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre seu comportamento no ambiente, visando diminuir riscos à biota e possível contaminação água, solo alimentos. A influência da presença minhocas espécie Eisenia foetida dissipação herbicida glyphosate, bioacumulação nestes vermes bioatividade microbiota endógena foram avaliadas em amostra terra agrícola tratada com solução aquosa 14C-glyphosate. Os estudos conduzidos sistemas mantidos por dois ou quatro...

Shikimic acid is a natural organic compound produced in the biochemical pathways of eukaryotic organisms and generally utilized as starting material antiviral drug <i>Oseltamivir</i> (Tamiflu®). This study shows results shikimic accumulation <i>Brachiaria plantaginea</i>, an abundant, grassy plant found Brazil other countries Africa America, after glyphosate spraying at three different doses. <i>B. plantaginea</i> plants harvested 6 days exposure to herbicide showed that increased by 345 %,...