A5025606537- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Noise Effects and Management
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Brighton and Sussex Medical School
2016-2025
University of Sussex
2016-2025
University of Brighton
2016-2025
Manchester University
2024
Alexandra Hospital
2023
Children's Investment Fund Foundation
2022
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2022
University of Khartoum
2022
Critical Path Institute
2021
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
2021
Prevalence rates of mental disorders are frequently increased in long-settled war refugees. However, substantial variation prevalence across studies and countries remain unexplained.To test whether the same sociodemographic characteristics, experiences post-migration stressors associated with similar refugee groups resettled different countries.Mental were assessed war-affected refugees from former Yugoslavia Germany, Italy UK. Sociodemographic, war-related characteristics tested for their...
OBJECTIVES There is considerable evidence linking ambient particles measured as particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM 10 ) to daily mortality and hospital admissions but it not clear which physical or chemical components of the particle mixture are responsible. The relative effects fine 2.5 ), coarse 2.5–10 black smoke (mainly primary origin) sulphate secondary were investigated, together ozone, SO 2 , NO CO, on in west Midlands conurbation United Kingdom. METHODS Time...
<h3>Objectives</h3> Time series studies have shown adverse effects of outdoor air pollution on mortality and hospital admissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but panel been inconsistent. This study investigates short-term nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub>) black smoke exacerbations, respiratory symptoms lung function 94 COPD east London. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were recruited from an outpatient clinic asked to complete...
Cluster randomised trials (CRTs) are commonly analysed using mixed-effects models or generalised estimating equations (GEEs). However, these analyses do not always perform well with the small number of clusters typical most CRTs. They can lead to increased risk a type I error (finding statistically significant treatment effect when it does exist) if appropriate corrections used. We conducted simulation study evaluate impact small-sample for GEEs in CRTs clusters. then reanalysed data from...
<b><i>Background:</i></b> A primary goal of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is to reduce self-harm, but findings from empirical studies are inconclusive. The aim this study was assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness DBT in reducing self-harm patients with personality disorder. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants a disorder at least 5 days previous year were randomised receive 12 months either or treatment as usual (TAU). outcome...
Low emission zones (LEZ) are an increasingly common, but unevaluated, intervention aimed at improving urban air quality and public health. We investigated the impact of London's LEZ on children's respiratory health.We did a sequential annual cross-sectional study 2164 children aged 8-9 years attending primary schools between 2009-10 2013-14 in central London, UK, following introduction February, 2008. examined association modelled pollutant exposures nitrogen oxides (including dioxide [NO2])...
To test whether offering financial incentives to patients with psychotic disorders is effective in improving adherence maintenance treatment antipsychotics.Cluster randomised controlled trial.Community mental health teams secondary psychiatric care the United Kingdom.Patients a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar who were prescribed long acting antipsychotic (depot) injections but had received 75% less injections. We randomly allocated 73 total 141 patients....
Abstract Whiplash injury is associated with high socioeconomic costs and poor prognosis. Most people are classified as having whiplash-associated disorder grade II (WADII), neck complaints musculoskeletal signs, in the absence of frank neurological signs. However, evidence suggests that there a subgroup underlying nerve involvement WADII, such peripheral neuroinflammation. This study aimed to investigate presence neuroinflammation acute WADII using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging...
Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) affect 20-50 million individuals globally each year, with up to 50% developing persistent pain. WAD grade II (WADII) is the most common type and characterised by neck symptoms musculoskeletal signs without apparent nerve injury on routine diagnostic testing. However, emerging evidence suggests pathology may be present in some people WADII. This longitudinal cohort study aimed comprehensively investigate presence, temporal patterns, prognostic value of...
Many epidemiological studies have shown positive short-term associations between health and current levels of outdoor air pollution. The aim this study was to investigate the association pollution number visits accident emergency (A&E) departments in London for respiratory complaints. A&E include less severe cases acute disease are unrestricted by bed availability. Daily counts 12 asthma, other complaints, both combined a age groups were constructed from manual registers period...
There are concerns about the possible short-term effects of outdoor air pollution on health in United Kingdom. In a study conducted during time period between 1987 and 1992, investigators determined that ozone had small, but significant emergency respiratory admissions. current study, authors investigated associations admissions for from 1992 to 1994, inclusive, compared results with those obtained earlier study. The also examined particulate matter less than 10 microm diameter (PM10) carbon...
Abstract Few published studies have looked at the health effects of air pollution in primary care setting, and most concentrated on lower rather than upper respiratory diseases. The authors investigated association daily consultations with general practitioners for allergic rhinitis London, United Kingdom. Generalized additive models were used to regress time series numbers patients consulting against 1992–1994 measures pollution, after control possible confounders adjustment overdispersion...
Group-specific component (Gc) variants of vitamin D binding protein differ in their affinity for metabolites that modulate antimycobacterial immunity. We conducted studies to determine whether Gc genotype associates with susceptibility tuberculosis (TB). The following subjects were recruited into case–control studies: the UK, 123 adult TB patients and 140 controls, all Gujarati Asian ethnic origin; Brazil, 130 78 controls; South Africa, 281 children 182 controls. genotypes determined...
Abstract Background Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is a well established therapy for faecal incontinence (FI). Percutaneous tibial (PTNS) newer, less invasive, treatment. The effectiveness and acceptability of these treatments have not been compared systematically. Methods An investigator-blinded randomized pilot trial PTNSversus SNS with parallel qualitative study was performed. Quantitative clinical outcomes data from patient interviews were collected both interventions. Results Forty...
Introduction Coerced admission to psychiatric hospitals, defined by legal status or patient's subjective experience, is common. Evidence on clinical outcomes however limited. This study aimed assess symptom change over a three month period following coerced and identify patient characteristics associated with outcomes. Method At sites in 11 European countries consecutive legally involuntary patients voluntary who felt coerced, were recruited assessed independent researchers within the first...
Background A better therapeutic relationship predicts outcomes. However, there is no trial-based evidence on how to improve relationships in psychosis. Aims To test the effectiveness of communication training for psychiatrists improving shared understanding and (trial registration: ISRCTN94846422). Method In a cluster randomised controlled trial UK, 21 were randomised. Ninety-seven (51% those approached) out-patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder recruited, 64 (66% sample...
Preoperative anaemia is a risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes after cardiac surgery. Iron deficiency frequent cause of low preoperative haemoglobin. An effective treatment associated with iron has not been determined.We conducted single-centre, open-label, pragmatic randomised trial, enrolling 156 elective surgery patients who had haemoglobin (100-130 g L-1) (serum ferritin <100 μg L-1 or transferrin saturation <30%) to compare intravenous ferric derisomaltose 1000 mg and...
High numbers of patients discharged from psychiatric hospital care are readmitted within a year. Peer support for discharge has been suggested as an approach to reducing readmission post-discharge. Implementation called in policy, however, evidence effectiveness large rigorous trials is missing. We aimed establish whether peer reduces readmissions the year post-discharge.We report parallel, two-group, individually randomised, controlled superiority trial, with trial personnel masked...
OBJECTIVES: A previous study of the short term effects air pollution in London from April 1987 to March 1992 found associations between all cause mortality and black smoke ozone, but no clear evidence specificity for cardiorespiratory deaths. data 1994 were analysed examine consistency results over time include particles with a mean aerodynamic diameter 10 microns (PM10) carbon monoxide. METHODS: Poisson regression was used daily counts grouped by age diagnosis, adjusting trend, seasonality,...