A polymer-waveguide-based transparent and flexible force sensor array is proposed, which satisfies the principal requirements for a tactile working on curvilinear surfaces, such as thinfilm architecture (thickness < 150 μm), localized sensing (ca. 0–3 N), multiple-point re cognition (27 points), bending robustness (10.8% degradation at R = 1.5 mm), fast response (bandwidth > 16 Hz). As service to our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by authors. Such...

This paper reports soft actuator based tactile stimulation interfaces applicable to wearable devices. The is prepared by multi-layered accumulation of thin electro-active polymer (EAP) films. designed produce electrically-induced convex protrusive deformation, which can be dynamically programmable for wide range stimuli. maximum vertical protrusion <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{650}}\,\mu {\mathrm{m}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the output force up 255 mN. actuators are...

We demonstrate a novel on-board chip-to-chip optical interconnect using long-range surface plasmon polariton (LR-SPP) waveguides that feature 2.5-cm-long gold strips embedded in low loss polymer cladding. A TM-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) operating at wavelength of 1.3 microm was butt-coupled into the order to excite fundamental LR-SPP mode and then transmitted light received with photo-diode (PD). The waveguide width is varied range 1.5-5.0 optimize insertion where...

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) layers of molecular thickness, in particular molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), become increasingly important as active elements for mechanically flexible/stretchable electronics owing to their relatively high carrier mobility, wide bandgap, and mechanical flexibility. Although the superior electronic properties TMD transistors are usually integrated into rigid silicon wafers or glass substrates, achievement similar device performance on flexible...

A hybrid plasmonic waveguide structure is proposed and fabricated for low-loss lightwave guiding along a metal stripe core. By embedding Au in dual slab waveguides with high refractive-index contrast, the field of guided mode confined more two dielectric core layers. Thus, propagation loss significantly reduced. The like combination fundamental long-range surface plasmon polariton strip symmetric mode. We fabricate 5 nm-thick optical measure properties at wavelength 1.31 microm. less than...

In this paper, we report an integrated soft and transparent visuo-haptic interface, which is compatible with flexible devices wearable gadgets. The interface composed of a touch-sensitive visual display based on polymer waveguides dielectric elastomer microactuators (DEMA) array. display, formed via continuative multistep photolithography, multilayered structure tactile-sensing layer stacked onto visual-imaging layer. dual-functional thin (total thickness: <;200 μm) (transmittance: as high...

Efficient outcoupling of surface-plasma waves to radiation modes by use dielectric diffraction gratings on a flat metallic surface is discussed. The gratings, which have surface-relief structure with only several tens nanometers in peak-to-trough height metal surface, can efficiently extract propagating free space from the surface-plasmon modes. An efficiency 50% estimated rigorous coupled-wave theory, and it confirmed experiment.

We evaluated and demonstrated strong vertical-coupling characteristics of vertical directional couplers based on long-range surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPPs) at 1.55μm wavelength. Fundamental even odd modes supported by LRSPP metal-stripe waveguides compete more strongly coupling structures than lateral structures, possibly leading to less power consumption for switching compactness in device length width. LRSPP-based vertically coupled routing signals can also be a powerful means...

Developing tunable lenses, an expansion-based mechanism for dynamic focus adjustment can provide a larger focal length tuning range than contraction-based mechanism. Here, we develop expansion-tunable soft lens module using disk-type dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) that creates axially symmetric pulling forces on lens. Adopted from biological accommodation in human eyes, at the annular center of DEA pair is efficiently stretched to change highly reliable manner. A with diameter 3 mm...

We demonstrate a high bit-rate optical signal transmission by using long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) waves in guided geometry. With 40Gbit∕s communication signal, eye patterns and bit-error-rates were measured to access the quality of properties LRSPP mode. A thin gold strip line embedded low loss polymer supports mode, which propagates with 2dB∕cm loss, couples standard single mode fibers at 1.55μm 2dB coupling loss. was transmitted via 4cm long waveguide without any distortion...

We propose and demonstrate an all-solid-state tunable binary phase Fresnel lens with electrically controllable focal length. The is composed of a zone plate, circular acrylic frame, dielectric elastomer (DE) actuator which made thin DE layer two compliant electrodes using silver nanowires. Under electric potential, the produces in-plane deformation in radial direction that can compress zones. electrically-induced compresses zones to be contracted as high 9.1% changes length, getting shorter...

We report a flexible visuo-haptic display that allows for interactive haptic feedback on the visual display. The is fabricated by integrating dielectric elastomer (DE) based thin film actuator array into and pressure sensors. DE consists of nine active cells, which generate thickness-mode deformation in response to voltage signal. presents images aligned three alphabet characters at each section 3 × matrix during light propagation via optical multiwaveguide. sensors are placed bottom...

Abstract Core/shell (C/S)-structured upconversion nanophosphor (UCNP)-incorporated polymer waveguide-based flexible transparent displays are demonstrated. Bright green- and blue-emitting Li(Gd,Y)F 4 :Yb,Er :Yb,Tm UCNPs synthesized via solution chemical route. Their luminescence (UCL) intensities enhanced by the formation of C/S structure with LiYF shell. The :Yb,Er/LiYF :Yb,Tm/LiYF exhibit 3.3 2.0 times higher UCL than core counterparts, respectively. In addition, NaGdF :Yb,Tm/NaGdF :Eu they...

Optical tactile sensors based on a directional coupler have been widely investigated because of their many advantages. However, one important requirement limits wide application: the refractive index upper superstrate must be equal to or larger than that optical waveguide core. To overcome this disadvantage, an sensor using graphene is proposed and its operational feasibility was validated experimentally. The pressure-dependent lateral deformation low-index prism-like microstructure...

We demonstrate a thin film active-lens for rapidly and dynamically controllable optical zoom. The is composed of convex hemispherical polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) lens structure working as an aperture dielectric elastomer (DE) membrane actuator, which combination DE layer made with PDMS compliant electrode pattern using silver-nanowires. capable changing focal point the soft high 18.4% through its translational movement in vertical direction responding to electrically induced bulged-up...

To improve the propagation loss of polymer-based long-range surface-plasmon-polariton (LR-SPP) waveguide devices at telecom wavelength range, low-loss LR-SPP waveguides were fabricated in an ultraviolet-curable acrylate polymer with a low refractive index and absorption loss. A 1.72 dB/cm 1.55 mum was achieved 14-nm-thick 3-mum-wide metal stripe.

We report the first measurement of optical constants evaporated gold films by using surface plasmon resonance curve fitting method with an attenuated total reflection device from 16 to 70 nm thickness at telecommunication wavelengths. The results that were obtained are in good agreement those ellipsometry. Until now, thin metal known change according due variation electrical resistivity. This phenomenon is also verified this study a simple measurement. It observed for thicknesses less than...

We present characteristics of very thin Au strip waveguides based on long-range surface plasmon polaritons (LR-SPPs) along strips embedded in polymers. also report a 10 Gbps optical signal transmission via LR-SPPs with the pig-tailed waveguide at telecommunication wavelength 1.55 mum. limited thickness, width, and length up to ~20 nm, ~ mum, ~5 cm, respectively, for practical applications. At loss properties were theoretically experimentally evaluated width cladding material. The lowest...

A vertical polarization beam splitter using a hybrid long-range surface plasmon polariton (LR-SPP) waveguide is proposed for three-dimensional integration of silicon photonic circuits in chip. The device based on three-port directional coupler that operated mode coupling theory. LR-SPP as the central plays key role transferring transverse-magnetic (TM)-polarization from input port to cross port, which configured with horizontal and offsets. 9.7 μm-long an extinction ratio 30 dB C-band...

Abstract We propose a monolithic focus-tunable lens structure based on the dielectric-elastomer actuator (DEA) technology. In our lens, soft and radial in-plane mimicking ocular focal-tuning mechanism are constructed in single body of an optimized film. provide device fabrication methods including elastomer synthesis, formation, packaging process steps. Performance test measurements show 93% focal tunability 7 ms response time under static dynamic electrical driving conditions, respectively....

We demonstrate sub-dB/cm propagation losses in polymer-based silver stripe waveguides at the wavelength of 1.31 microm. The were fabricated a low-loss fluorinated polymer clad. To form uniform metal patterns, which are essential for reducing loss, we developed lift-off process using double layers photoresist and SiNx. A loss less than 1.0 dB/cm was obtained with 11- nm-thick stripes width range 1.5 - 4.5 coupling approximately dB polarization maintaining single mode fiber achieved For 2.0...

This paper suggests a force sensor array measuring contact based on intensity change of light transmitted throughout optical waveguide. For transparency and flexibility the sensor, two soft prepolymers with different refractive index have been developed. The waveguide consists cladding layers core layer. top layer is designed to allow scattering at specific area in response finger contact. shows distinct tendency that output decreases input measurement range from 0 -13.2 dB.

Plasmonic waveguides based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are highly complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible that they have been considered as a prospective basic element to implement future on-chip subwavelength electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs). We propose the monolithic integration of CMOS-compatible plasmonic within CMOS architecture for development EPICs. Based preformed optoelectronic platform, several different types EPIC schematics proposed. The...