This paper provides an extensive survey of nonlinear parametric upconversion infrared (IR) imaging, from its origin to date. Upconversion imaging is a successful innovative technique for IR in terms sensitivity, speed, and noise performance. In this approach, the image frequency upconverted form visible/near-IR through three-wave mixing followed by detection using silicon-based detector or camera. 1968, Midwinter first demonstrated short-wave-IR (1.6 μm) visible (484 nm) wavelength bulk...

Helico-conical optical beams, different from higher-order Bessel are generated with a parallel-aligned nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) by multiplying helical and conical phase functions leading to nonseparable radial azimuthal dependence.The intensity distributions of the focused beams explored in two-and threedimensions.In contrast ring shape formed vortex, helico-conical beam produces spiral distribution at focal plane.Simple scaling relationships found between...

We transform a TEM00 laser mode into multiple counterpropagating optical traps to achieve four-dimensional simultaneous manipulation of particles. Efficient synthesis and dynamic control the counterpropagating-beam is carried out via generalized phase contrast method, spatial polarization-encoding scheme. Our experiments genuinely demonstrate real-time, interactive particle-position for forming arbitrary volumetric constellations complex three-dimensional trajectories This opens up doors...

Counterpropagating light fields provide a stationary optical potential well for Brownian particle. Introducing variability in the relative strengths of counterpropagating beams allows us to create more general configuration—the elevator. An elevator dynamically controls axial location minimum where particle finds stable equilibrium position. We describe implementation multiple real-time reconfigurable elevators with generalized phase contrast method dynamic manipulation polystyrene spheres...

Cellular development is highly influenced by the surrounding microenvironment.We propose user-reconfigurable microenvironments and bio-compatible scaffolds as an approach for understanding cellular processes.We demonstrate a model platform constructing versatile fabricating morphologically complex microstructures two-photon polymerization (2PP) then assembling these archetypal building blocks into various configurations using multiple, real-time configurable counterpropagating-beam (CB)...

We explore the functionalities of a generalized phase contrast (GPC) -based multiple-beam trapping system for actuation various microfabricated SiO 2 structures in liquid suspension.The arrays optical traps are formed using two counterpropagating light fields, each which is spatially reconfigurable both cross-sectional geometry and intensity distribution, either user-interactive manner or under computer supervision.Design microtools includes multiple appendages with rounded endings by hold...

Applying a newly developed user-interactive optical trapping system, we controllably surrounded individual cells of one yeast species, Hanseniaspora uvarum, with viable another Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thus creating confinement the former. Growth and non-surrounded H. uvarum was followed under microscope by determining their generation time. The average time 15% higher than that cells, thereby showing imposed S. cerevisiae on inhibits growth latter. This study is first to demonstrate...

A light-driven micromanipulation system with real-time userfeedback control is used to simultaneously trap colloidal suspensions enabling a unique interactive sorting capability and arbitrary patterning of microscopic particles. The technique based on straightforward phase-tointensity conversion generating multiple beam patterns for manipulation particles in the observation plane microscope. Encoding phase spatial light modulator, which directly controlled by computer, allows dynamic...

A dynamic array of dark optical traps is generated for simultaneous trapping and arbitrary manipulation multiple low-index microstructures. The intensity patterns forming the trap arrays are using a nearly loss-less phase-to-intensity conversion phase-encoded coherent light source. Two-dimensional input phase distributions corresponding to encoded computer-programmable spatial modulator, enabling each be shaped moved arbitrarily within plane observation. We demonstrate generation hollow...

Sensors for quantitative monitoring of greenhouse gases from high-emission facilities, such as wastewater treatment and industrial plants, are becoming essential to enforce regulatory compliance in climate action initiatives. A predominant sensing technique is the tracer-gas dispersion method (TDM) using closed-path gas analyzers typically installed a vehicle measure concentration plume transected. Here, we validate first time use integrated-path sensors TDM, measuring instantaneously along...

We demonstrate real-time interactive optical micromanipulation of a colloidal mixture consisting particles with both lower (n(L) < n(0)) and higher (n(H)> refractive indices than that the suspending medium (n(0)). Spherical high- low-index are trapped in transverse plane by an array confining potentials created trapping beams top-hat annular cross-sectional intensity profiles, respectively. The applied method offers extensive reconfigurability spatial distribution individual geometry traps....

The generalized phase contrast (GPC) method has been applied to transform a single TEM00 beam into manifold of counterpropagating-beam traps capable real-time interactive manipulation multiple microparticles in three dimensions (3D). This paper reports on the use low numerical aperture (NA), non-immersion, objective lenses an implementation GPC-based 3D trapping system. Contrary high-NA based optical tweezers, GPC system demonstrated here operates with long working distance (>10 mm), and...

We present a novel Doppler lidar that employs cw diode laser operating at 1.5 μm and micro-electro-mechanical-system scanning mirror (MEMS-SM). In this work, two functionalities of the system are demonstrated. Firstly, we describe capability to effectively steer probe beam multiple optical transceivers along separate lines-of-sight. The steering functionality is demonstrated using four lines-of-sight--each an angle 18° with respect their symmetry axis. Secondly, demonstrate ability spatially...

We demonstrate a robust, compact, portable and efficient upconversion detector (UCD) for differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system designed range-resolved methane (CH4) atmospheric sensing. The UCD is built on an intracavity pump that mixes 1064 nm laser with the backscatter signal at 1646 in 25-mm long periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. upconverted 646 detected by photomultiplier tube (PMT). noise equivalent power around 127 fW/Hz1/2 outperforms conventional InGaAs based...

Abstract Mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, which has important applications in medicine, environmental monitoring, materials, and food science, is widely performed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers as gold standard. Despite decades of development, FTIR systems are vulnerable to vibration have limited temporal resolution due reliance on mechanically scanned mirrors MIR direct detectors that a slower response than their near‐infrared counterparts. Using cryogenically cooled...

Optical trapping and manipulation offer great flexibility as a non-contact microassembly tool. Its application to the assembly of microscale building blocks may open new doors for micromachine technology. In this work, we demonstrate all-optical microscopic puzzle pieces in fluidic environment using programmable arrays beams. Identical shape-complimentary are optically fabricated with submicron resolution two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique. These efficiently assembled into...

We show that the generalized phase contrast method (GPC) can be used as a versatile tool for shaping an incident Gaussian illumination into arbitrary lateral beam profiles. For illustration, we use GPC in energy-efficient phase-only implementation of various apertures do not block light but instead effectively redirect available photons from bell-shaped distribution. GPC-based generation profiles thus achieved using simplified optical it eliminates need potentially lossy initial shaping. The...

We implement and test what, to our knowledge, is the first deployable coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) system based on a compact, inexpensive all-semiconductor laser (SL). To demonstrate field performance of SL-CDL remote sensor, we compare 36 h time series averaged radial wind speeds measured by instrument at an 80 m distance those simultaneously obtained from industry-standard sonic anemometer (SA). An excellent degree correlation (R2=0.994 slope=0.996) achieved linear regression analysis CDL...

Near- and mid-infrared optical coherence tomography (OCT) is evaluated as a non-destructive non-contact reflection imaging modality for inspection of industrial marine coatings. Near-infrared OCT was used to obtain high-resolution images (~6/2 µm lateral/axial) hidden subsurface cracks defects in resin base coating, which had been exposed high pressure temperature study coating degradation hostile environments. Mid-infrared employed (~15/8.5 highly scattering coatings, demonstrating...

We demonstrate a continuous-wave (CW) coherent detection lidar (CDL) capable of detecting micro-Doppler (propeller) signatures and acquiring raster-scan images small unmanned aerial systems/vehicles (UAS/UAV). The system uses narrow-linewidth 1550 nm CW laser takes advantage mature low-cost fiber-optics components from the telecommunications industry. Using either collimated or focused probe beam geometry, based characteristic periodic motions drone propellers up to remote distance 500 m has...

We present a theoretical framework for two approaches of generating light-efficient optical lattices via generic Fourier-filtering operation. demonstrate how lattice geometry can be dynamically changed from fully discrete to interconnected arrays conveniently achieved with virtually zero computational resources. Both apply real-time reconfigurable phase-only spatial light modulator set up dynamic input phase patterns 4-f filtering system that synthesizes the lattices. The first method is...

We theoretically investigate the three-dimensional (3D) trapping force acting on a microsphere held in pair of counterpropagating beams produced by generalized phase contrast (GPC) method. In case opposing equal power, we identify range beam waist separation s that results stable 3D optical potential-well assessing dependence axial and transverse curves s. also examine how are influenced other parameters such as size refractive index microsphere. Aside from tandems with powers, numerically...

Using a novel dual-beam readout with the generalized phase contrast (GPC) method, multiple-beam 3D real-time micromanipulation system requiring only one spatial light modulator (SLM) has been realized. A theoretical framework for new GPC scheme two parallel illumination beams is presented and corroborated an experimental demonstration. Three-dimensional arrays of polystyrene microbeads were assembled in newly described system. The use air immersion objective lenses GPC-based optical trapping...

The Generalized Phase Contrast (GPC) method of optical 3D manipulation has previously been used for controlled spatial live biological specimen in real-time. These experiments were carried out over a time-span several hours while an operator intermittently optimized the system. Here we present GPC-based micromanipulation microfluidic system where trapping are computer-automated and thereby capable running with only limited supervision. is able to dynamically detect living yeast cells using...