Measurements of Martian emission and reflection reveal wide variations surface properties indicate the presence a larger atmospheric contribution to observed radiances than was anticipated. Temperatures during Viking primary mission range from 130 290 K. Surface thermal inertias 1.6 11×10−3 cal cm−2 s−1/2 K−1 are mapped, they correlate with surficial geologic units. An equatorial map bolometric albedo generally correlates prior narrowband observations. These albedos 0.09 0.43; some regional...

Viking Orbiter 2 images of the north polar region reveal an enormous sand sea (erg) covering area >5×10 5 km around perennial ice cap. All dunes are either transverse or barchan. The various dune morphologies and modification primary types reflect a wind regime having more than one direction. In summer, two major directions prevail: (1) off‐pole winds that become easterly due to coriolis forces (2) on‐pole westerly. During winter and/or spring, only exist. Strong (>75 m/s) required for...

Supplemental instruction classes have been shown in many studies to enhance performance the supported courses and even improve graduation rates. Generally, there has little evidence of a differential impact on students from different ethnic/racial backgrounds. At San Francisco State University, however, supplemental Introductory Biology I class is associated with more dramatic gains among underrepresented minority populations than found their peers. These do not seem be product better...

Infrared observations of Mars by the Viking infrared thermal mapper (IRTM) are presented for both conditions a relatively clear and dust‐laden atmosphere. The 7‐, 9‐, 11‐, 20‐μm bands IRTM respond differently to radiation emitted through dusty atmosphere, permitting characterization global atmospheric state, monitoring secular changes, derivation optical depth information. Surface temperature behavior is found be greatly modified diminution insolation blanketing resulting from dust storms....

Comparisons between participants and non-participants in supplemental instruction classes at San Francisco State University over a six-year period show positive impacts terms of increased student performance progression through subsequent courses sequence, despite the lower academic indicators participants. More females participated than were represented course as whole, but effects greater for males. Effects particularly striking students from underrepresented minority groups, introductory courses.

Prior to and during the Martian global dust storms in 1977, local clouds were identified from thermal observations. Local appear up 40 K cooler than surrounding region daytime warm at night. In contrast their well‐developed consistent signatures, exhibited little albedo contrast. Multiple observations of same areas show that form dissipate a few days or less, observed move with velocities 14 least 32 m s −1 . are common along receding edge south polar cap (observed primarily for orbiter...

Master of Science (MS) research training programs funded by organizations such as the NIH, NSF well private corporations - represent potential for significant interventions student success, especially marginalized or under-represented and first-generation students, to bridge gap between undergraduate studies doctoral programs. These students often face serious challenges during their years, navigating unfamiliar academic systems, balancing demanding coursework with work responsibilities,...

The three primary data sets for the Pioneer Venus orbiter radar experiment (topography, roughness, and reflectivity) contain important information about geological textural characteristics of surface Venus. We have subdivided range roughness reflectivity values into categories as follows: in degrees rms slope: relatively smooth (1°–2.5°), transitional from to rough (2.5°–5°), (>5°); Fresnel reflectivity: surfaces dominated by soil or porous material (<0.1), rock (0.1–0.2), with a...

This paper examines the impact of supplemental instruction (SI)—nonremedial workshops that support regularly scheduled courses—on four different chemistry courses: General Chemistry I and II, Organic II. Differences in how SI impacts student performance these courses are discussed, particularly terms whether students from underrepresented minority groups affected differently their peers. We found appears to be most effective at beginning sequence least those which have already had...

Although computer science education (CSEd) is growing rapidly as a discipline, presently there are limited number of formal programs available for students to pursue graduate degrees. To explore what options exist, we sought develop better understanding the researchers and institutions currently working in CSEd. We collected publication data between 2015 2020 from Innovation Technology Computer Science Education (ITiCSE) ACM International Computing Research (ICER) conferences, Transactions...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects on Student Achievement in General Chemistry Following Participation an Online Preparatory Course. ChemPrep, a Voluntary, Self-Paced, Introduction to ChemistryBeatrice Botch , Roberta Day William Vining Barbara Stewart David Hart Kenneth Rath and Alan Peterfreund View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, Computer Science, 01003 Associates, 01003Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 3,...

Abstract Infusing Innovation and Entrepreneurship into Engineering Education: Looking for change as seen by ASEE members 2012 to 2015 During the Fall of (Baseline) Spring (Follow-up), SageFox Epicenter research team developed administered surveys focused on (I&E) in undergraduate engineering education. The purpose study subsequent follow-up was establish a baseline that could be used assess changes over time I&E initiatives within this community. These were communities ASEE, including Campus...

research-article Open AccessExploring research practice partnerships for use in K--12 computer science education Share on Authors: Monica M. McGill CSEdResearch.org & Knox College CollegeView Profile , Alan Peterfreund SageFox Consulting Group GroupView Stacey Sexton Rebecca Zarch Maral Kargarmoakhar Florida International University Miami MiamiView Authors Info Claims ACM InroadsVolume 12Issue 3September 2021 pp 24–31https://doi.org/10.1145/3477607Online:14 August 2021Publication History...

Facilitating the development of a common framework for monitoring progress in K-12 computer science (CS) education and advocacy with an emphasis on broadening participation is key to constructing strong CS policy. Based project that brought together leadership teams from six states, measuring computing (BPC) setting foundation national scaling was developed. Built around collaboration leaders representing experience data gathering, analysis, reporting, utilization, this applied tenets...

Abstract Problem/background: The broadening participation in computing (BPC) movement has evolved from a focus on increasing the number and diversity of students who participate education to addressing systemic barriers that prevent equity education. Data historically played significant role BPC movement, however it is not neutral can be used both mask perpetuate inequities One strategy for ensuring equitable experiences develop data infrastructure democratizes data. This research paper...

The Commonwealth Alliance for Information Technology Education (CAITE) is designing and carrying out comprehensive programs that address under-representation in information technology (IT). CAITE focuses on women minorities groups are underrepresented most aspects of the Massachusetts innovation economy - economically, academically, socially disadvantaged residents supports multiple points entry into a broad spectrum IT educational provide opportunities learning careers. Community colleges...

Computer science education has been making dramatic increases in recent years. Across the US, different states are advancing computer through policies. However, as a state makes choices to advance education, it is critical consider how these policies will broaden participation computing (BPC). Many have indicated that only white and Asian males (who make up 30% of our population) currently opportunity/privilege engage education. Therefore, we implement state-level reform, BPC remains guiding...

Despite the expansion and development of field computing education (CEd), a lack formal programs means that researchers often exist as islands across within diverse range departments. Given broad nature discipline, trying to build community typically occurs through more conferences. Another way expand engagement with is Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU), offer students chance get involved research. REUs have been shown strengthen disciplinary identity encourage pursuit graduate...

The Commonwealth Alliance for Information Technology Education (CAITE) is one of 11 National Science Foundation Broadening Participation in Computing (BPC) alliances aimed at increasing the participation and success underrepresented groups information technology (IT). From beginning, CAITE partners worked to integrate a detailed comprehensive evaluation strategy provide quantitative assessment effectiveness action plans on its main objectives. We collected large institutional data sets seven...

Until recently, computer science (CS) has been predominantly taught at upper-secondary or tertiary levels. Lately, however, CS curricula have introduced into school systems from the very first year of school. In this paper, we undertake a participatory research approach, using focus group discussions between experts in field evaluation and assessment primary level (K-5). The considered measures they used, what their current needs are how education community can move towards meeting those...