We present an experimental and numerical study of immiscible two-phase flow Newtonian fluids in three-dimensional (3D) porous media to find the relationship between volumetric rate (Q) total pressure difference ( $$\Delta P$$ ) steady state. show that regime where capillary forces compete with viscous forces, distribution barriers at interfaces effectively creates a yield threshold $$P_t$$ ), making reminiscent Bingham viscoplastic fluid medium. In this regime, Q depends quadratically on...

It is possible to formulate an immiscible and incompressible two-phase flow in porous media a mathematical framework resembling thermodynamics based on the Jaynes generalization of statistical mechanics. We review this approach discuss meaning emergent variables that appear, agiture, derivative, pressure, which are conjugate configurational entropy, saturation, porosity, respectively. conjecture temperature-like variable, directly related pressure gradient. This has as consequence measure...

We demonstrate through numerical simulations and a mean-field calculation that immiscible two-phase flow in porous medium behaves effectively as Bingham viscoplastic fluid. This leads to generalized Darcy equation where the volumetric rate depends quadratically on an excess pressure difference range of rates capillary forces compete with viscous forces. At higher rates, is Newtonian.

When compared to furnace processing, for identical and lower substrate temperatures, more photons are available in the visible ultraviolet regions rapid isothermal processing (RIP) based on incoherent radiation as energy source. In this letter, we provide experimental evidence photoeffects RIP a wide variety of materials. As processed samples, annealed phosphosilicate glass films Si show higher value refractive index, flatband charge density, thermal stress. High-temperature superconducting...

It is well known that the transient behavior during drainage or imbibition in multiphase flow porous media strongly depends on history and initial condition of system. However, when steady-state regime reached both take place at pore level, influence evolution preparation an open question. Here, we present extensive experimental numerical work investigating dependence simultaneous two-phase through media. Our system consists a Hele-Shaw cell filled with glass beads which model numerically by...

We construct a statistical mechanics for immiscible and incompressible two-phase flow in porous media under local steady-state conditions based on the Jaynes maximum entropy principle. A cluster is assigned to our lack of knowledge of, control over, fluid configurations pore space. As consequence, two new variables describing emerge: The agiture, that describes level agitation fluids, derivative which conjugate saturation. Agiture are analogs temperature chemical potential standard (thermal)...

Abstract We present a continuum (i.e., an effective) description of immiscible two-phase flow in porous media characterized by two fields, the pressure and saturation. Gradients these fields are driving forces that move fluids around. The seepage velocity one for each fluid. Following Hansen et al. (Transport Porous Media, 125, 565 (2018)), we construct two-way transformation between couple consisting fluid, to average both new parameter, co-moving velocity. is related but not equal...

To date thin films of II(a) fluorides (CaF2, BaF2, SrF2, and their mixtures) have only been deposited by physical vapor deposition techniques. We report for the first time BaF2 on silicon yttrium-stabilized zirconia substrates metalorganic chemical at a substrate temperature as low 400 °C.

We calculate the average volumetric flux versus pressure drop of bubbles moving in a single capillary tube with varying diameter, finding square-root relation from mapping flow equations onto that driven overdamped pendulum. The calculation is based on derivation equation motion bubble train considering forces and entropy production associated viscous flow. also configurational probability positions bubbles.

Based on thermodynamic considerations, we derive a set of equations relating the seepage velocities fluid components in immiscible and incompressible two-phase flow porous media. They necessitate introduction new velocity function, co-moving velocity. This function is characteristic medium. Together with constitutive relation between driving forces, such as pressure gradient, these form closed set. We solve four versions capillary tube model analytically using this theory. test theory...

We present in detail a set of algorithms for dynamic pore-network model immiscible two-phase flow porous media to carry out fluid displacements pores. The are universal regular and irregular pore networks two or three dimensions can be applied simulate both drainage steady-state flow. They execute the mixing incoming fluids at network nodes, then distribute them outgoing links perform coalescence bubbles. Implementing these model, we reproduce some fundamental results transient media. For...

Abstract We consider steady-state immiscible and incompressible two-phase flow in porous media. It is becoming increasingly clear that there a regime where the volumetric rate depends on pressure gradient as power law with an exponent larger than one. This occurs when capillary forces viscous compete. At higher rates, dominate, linearly gradient. means crossover separates these two regimes. small enough gradient, dominate. If one or both of fluids percolate, will then depend interfaces not...

Immiscible two-phase flow in porous media produces different types of patterns depending on the capillary number Ca and viscosity ratio M. At high Ca, viscous instability fluid–fluid interface occurs when displaced fluid is more viscous, leads to fingering, which believed exhibit same growth behavior as viscously-unstable fingers observed Hele–Shaw cells by Saffman Taylor [“The penetration a into medium or cell containing liquid,” Proc. R. Soc. London 245, 312 (1958)], diffusion-limited...

We consider the local load-sharing fiber bundle model in one to five dimensions. Depending on breaking threshold distribution of fibers, there is a transition where fracture process becomes localized. In localized phase, behaves as invasion percolation model. The difference between and equal vanishes with increasing dimensionality characteristics power law.

We present a theoretical framework for immiscible incompressible two-phase flow in homogeneous porous media that connects the distribution of local fluid velocities to average seepage velocities. By dividing pore area along cross-section transversal direction up into differential areas associated with velocities, we construct function allows us not only re-establish existing relationships between fluids but also find new relations their higher moments. support and demonstrate formalism...

High throughput, low-temperature deposition, sharp interfaces, and selective deposition with direct ion-, electron-, photon-beam-controlled techniques are some of the key driving forces for development superconducting thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor (MOCVD) technique. In this paper we report on electrical structural properties Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) deposited MOCVD yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) BaF2/YSZ substrates using a single-step in situ processing method which requires no...

We investigate the effective rheology of two-phase flow in a bundle parallel capillary tubes carrying two immiscible fluids under an external pressure drop. The diameter each tube varies along its length and corresponding threshold pressures are considered to be distributed randomly according uniform probability distribution. demonstrate through analytical calculations that transition from linear Darcy regime non-linear behavior occurs while decreasing drop $\Delta P$, where total rate...

Abstract We study immiscible two-phase flow of a compressible and an incompressible fluid inside capillary tube varying radius under steady-state conditions. The is Newtonian the inviscid ideal gas. surface tension associated with interfaces between two fluids introduces forces that vary along due to variation in radius. interplay effects compressibility results set properties are different from flow. As move towards outlet, bubbles grows volume decrease pressure. volumetric growth makes...

We construct an ensemble distribution to describe steady immiscible two-phase flow of two incompressible fluids in a porous medium. The system is found be ergodic. used compute macroscopic parameters. In particular, we find expression for the overall mobility from distribution. entropy production at scale medium shown give expected product average and its driving force, obtained black-box description. test numerically some central theoretical results.

We present a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm based on the Metropolis for simulation of flow two immiscible fluids in porous medium under macroscopic steady-state conditions using dynamical pore network model that tracks motion fluid interfaces. The is configuration probability, where defined by positions all show probability proportional to inverse rate. Using two-dimensional network, advancing interfaces time integration, computational scales as linear system size fourth power, whereas...

Abstract Immiscible two-phase flow in porous media with mixed wet conditions was examined using a capillary fiber bundle model, which is analytically solvable, and dynamic pore network model. The wettability implemented the models by allowing each tube or link to have different wetting angle chosen randomly from given distribution. Both showed that can significant influence on rheology terms of dependence global volumetric rate pressure drop. In for small drops when only fraction tubes were...

This work presents a model for GaN HEMT devices using broad width-scaling approach, considering the geometrical changes in threshold voltage, mobility and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL). To achieve best performance circuit design, weighted optimization of device periphery is required. In this work, we demonstrate gate-width scalable DC-IV RF characteristics up to 43.5 GHz. A single SPICE card three different gate widths <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

We investigate the behavior of drainage displacements in heterogeneous porous media finding a transition from viscous fingering to foam-like region. A pore network model incorporating formation blobs is adopted study this phenomenon. By imposing pressure difference between inlet and outlet, we observe that displacement pattern undergoes significant continuous front growing fingers emergence foam, which develops propagates until breakthrough. This occurs at specific distance inlet, measure...