Local field potentials (LFPs) reflect subthreshold integrative processes that complement spike train measures. However, little is yet known about the differences between how LFPs and spikes encode rich naturalistic sensory stimuli. We addressed this question by recording from primary visual cortex of anesthetized macaques while presenting a color movie. then determined power at different frequencies represents features in found most informative LFP frequency ranges were 1–8 60–100 Hz. range...

BackgroundIn bright light, mammals use a distinct photopigment (melanopsin) to measure irradiance for centrally mediated responses such as circadian entrainment. We aimed determine whether the information generated by melanopsin is also used visual system signal light adaptation. To this end, we compared retinal and thalamic range of artificial natural stimuli presented using spectral compositions that either approximate mouse's experience daylight ("daylight") or are selectively depleted...

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have recently shown remarkable performance in several tasks dealing with natural language generation, such as image captioning or poetry composition. Yet, only few works analyzed text generated by LSTMs order to quantitatively evaluate which extent artificial texts resemble those humans. We compared the statistical structure of LSTM-generated that written language, and produced Markov models various orders. In particular, we characterized assessing...

Most systems can be represented as networks that couple a series of nodes to each other via one or more edges, with typically unknown equations governing their quantitative behaviour. A major question then pertains the importance elements act system inputs in determining output(s). We show any such treated 'communication channel' for which associations between and outputs quantified decomposition mutual information into different components characterizing main effect individual interactions....

Background The language faculty is probably the most distinctive feature of our species, and endows us with a unique ability to exchange highly structured information. In written language, information encoded by concatenation basic symbols under grammatical semantic constraints. As also case in other natural carriers, resulting symbolic sequences show delicate balance between order disorder. That determined interplay diversity their specific ordering sequences. Here we used entropy quantify...

In this paper, we analyze the fractal structure of long human language records by mapping large samples texts onto time series. The particular set up in work is inspired on linguistic basis sense that retains word as fundamental unit communication. results confirm beyond short-range correlations resulting from syntactic rules acting at sentence level, long-range structures emerge written give rise to use words.

We investigate the origin of Zipf's law for words in written texts by means a stochastic dynamic model text generation. The incorporates both features related to general structure languages and memory effects inherent production long coherent messages communication process. It is shown that multiplicative dynamics our lead rank-frequency distributions quantitative agreement with empirical data. Our results give support linguistic relevance human language.

The estimation of the information carried by spike times is crucial for a quantitative understanding brain function, but it difficult because an upward bias due to limited experimental sampling. We present new progress, based on two basic insights, reducing problem. First, we show that means careful application data-shuffling techniques, possible cancel almost entirely noise entropy, most biased part information. This procedure provides estimator much less than standard direct one and has...

Rats discriminate texture by whisking their vibrissae across the surfaces of objects. This process induces corresponding vibrissa vibrations, which must be accurately represented neurons in somatosensory pathway. In this study, we investigated neural code for motion ventroposterior medial (VPm) nucleus thalamus single-unit recording. We found that conveyed a great deal information (up to 77.9 bits/s) about dynamics. The key was precise spike timing, typically varied less than millisecond...

The Voynich manuscript has remained so far as a mystery for linguists and cryptologists. While the text written on medieval parchment -using an unknown script system- shows basic statistical patterns that bear resemblance to those from real languages, there are features suggested some researches was forgery intended hoax. Here we analyse long-range structure of using methods information theory. We show presents complex organization in distribution words is compatible with found language...

Significance Irradiance-dependent (“luxotonic”) changes in baseline firing were first described neurones of the early visual system decades ago. However, origin and function (if any) this response is still poorly understood. Here we address both questions by recording electrophysiological activity mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus over a simulated dawn. First, show that photopic regime luxotonic becomes increasingly driven inner-retinal melanopsin photoreceptors as irradiance...

Neural oscillations occur within a wide frequency range with different brain regions exhibiting resonance-like characteristics at specific points in the spectrum. At microscopic scale, single neurons possess intrinsic oscillatory properties, such that is not yet known whether cortical resonance consequential to neural or an emergent property of networks interconnect them. Using network model loosely-coupled Wilson-Cowan oscillators simulate patch sheet, we demonstrate size activated...

Pattern separation and completion are fundamental hippocampal computations supporting memory encoding retrieval. However, despite extensive exploration of these processes, it remains unclear whether how top-down processes adaptively modulate the dynamics between computations. Here we examine role expectation in shifting hippocampus to perform pattern separation. In a behavioral task, 29 participants (7 males) learned cue-object category contingency. Then, at encoding, one-third cues...

Dispersal is a factor of great importance in determining species spatial distribution. Short distance dispersal (SDD) and long (LDD) strategies yield very different distributions. In this paper we compare spread patterns from SDD LDD simulations, contrast them with field data, assess the significance biological population traits. Simulated using an exponential function generates single circular patch well-defined invasion front showing travelling-wave structure. The invasive relatively...

Written language is a complex communication signal capable of conveying information encoded in the form ordered sequences words. Beyond local order ruled by grammar, semantic and thematic structures affect long-range patterns word usage. Here, we show that direct application theory quantifies relationship between statistical distribution words content text. We there characteristic scale, roughly around few thousand words, which establishes typical size most informative segments written...

Thalamic neurons have been long assumed to fire in tonic mode during perceptive states, and burst sleep unconsciousness. However, recent evidence suggests that bursts may also be relevant the encoding of sensory information. Here, we explore neural code such thalamic bursts. In order assess whether is generic or it depends on detailed properties each bursting neuron, analyzed two neuron models incorporating different levels biological detail. One contained no information biophysical...

We analyze numerically the out-of-equilibrium relaxation dynamics of a long-range Hamiltonian system N fully coupled rotators. For particular family initial conditions, this is known to enter regime in which dynamic behavior does not agree with thermodynamic predictions. Moreover, there evidence that limit, when $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}\ensuremath{\infty}$ taken prior $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{t}\ensuremath{\infty},$ will never attain true equilibrium. By analyzing...

Beyond the local constraints imposed by grammar, words concatenated in long sequences carrying a complex message show statistical regularities that may reflect their linguistic role message. In this paper, we perform systematic analysis of use literary English corpora. We there is quantitative relation between content and Shannon information entropy defined over an appropriate probability distribution. Without assuming any previous knowledge about syntactic structure language, are able to...