The rate of lexical replacement estimates the diachronic stability word forms on basis how frequently a proto-language is replaced or retained in its daughter languages. Lexical has been shown to be highly related class and frequency. In this paper, we argue that content words function behave differently with respect rate, show semantic factors predict words. For 167 items Swadesh list, data was gathered features class, frequency, age acquisition, synonyms, arousal, imageability average...

Odor naming is considered a particularly challenging cognitive test, but the underlying cause of this difficulty unknown. People often fail to report any source label identify common odors, resulting in omissions (i.e., lack response). Here, with support computational model, we offer hypothesis about neural network mechanisms odor omissions. Based on an evaluation behavioral data from almost 40,000 attempts, suggest that high omission rates are driven by odors referred multiple linguistic...

A persistent belief holds that humans can imagine visual content but not odors. While imagery is regarded as recreating a perceptual representation, it unknown whether olfactory mental shares format. Visual studies have demonstrated this formatting using distance and shape similarity judgments, whereas often use single-odor vividness ratings, complicating the establishment of for Using odor pair scores from two experiments (odor-based: 8,880 ratings 37 participants, including 20 women;...

In this paper, we investigate frequency and duration of signs parts speech in Swedish Sign Language (SSL) using the SSL Corpus. The is correlated with frequency, high-frequency items having shorter than low-frequency items. Similarly, function words (e.g. pronouns) have content nouns). compounds, forms annotated as reduced display duration. Fingerspelling correlates word length corresponding words, play a role lexicalization fingerspellings. sign distribution Corpus shows great deal...

Visual stimuli often dominate nonvisual during multisensory perception. Evidence suggests higher cognitive processes prioritize visual over divided attention. should thus be disproportionally distracting when processing incongruent cross-sensory stimulus pairs. We tested this assumption by comparing with olfaction, a "primitive" sensory channel that detects potentially hazardous chemicals alerting Behavioral and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were assessed in bimodal object...

Abstract Naming common odors is a surprisingly difficult task: Odors are frequently misnamed. Little known about the linguistic properties of odor misnamings. We test whether misnamings old adults carry information olfactory perception and its connection to lexical‐semantic processing. analyze olfactory–semantic content source naming failures in large sample older Sweden ( n = 2479; age 58–100 years). investigate factors semantic proximity target name predict how misnamed, these relate...

Language comprehension is assumed to proceed incrementally, and comprehenders commit initial interpretations even in the absence of unambiguous information. Initial ambiguous object arguments are therefore preferably interpreted as subjects, an interpretation that needs be revised towards once disambiguating information encountered. Most accounts such grammatical function reanalyses assume they involve phrase structure revisions, do not differ from other syntactic reanalyses. A number...

During the preschool years, children develop abilities and skills in areas crucial for later success life. These include language, executive functions, attention, socioemotional skills. The pedagogical methods used preschools hold potential to enhance these abilities, but our knowledge of which practices aid children, is limited. aim this paper describe an intervention study designed evaluate compare two methodologies terms their effect on above-mentioned Swedish children. a randomized...

Abstract The vocabulary for describing odors in English natural language is not well understood, as prior studies of odor descriptions have often relied on preselected descriptors and ratings. Here, we present a data‐driven approach that automatically identifies based their degree olfactory association, derive semantic organization from distributions texts, using distributional‐semantic model. We identify 243 are much more strongly associated with olfaction than words general. then the these...

Abstract Olfactory research in humans has largely focused on odors perceived via sniffing, orthonasal olfaction, whereas from the mouth, retronasal are less well understood. Prior work retronasally presented involves animal models and focus mainly odor sensitivity, but little is known about olfactory perception cognition humans. In this study, we compared presentation routes to investigate differences descriptions evaluations. Thirty-six individuals participated a within-subjects study using...

Abstract Odor identification is a common assessment of olfaction, and it affected in large number diseases. Identification abilities decline with age, but little known about whether there are perceptual odor features that can be used to predict identification. Here, we analyzed data from large, population-based sample 2,479 adults, aged 60 years or above, the Swedish National study on Aging Care Kungsholmen. Participants performed both free cued tests. In separate experiment, assessed...

Human olfaction can be extraordinarily sensitive, and its most common assessment method is odor identification (OID), where everyday odors are matched to word labels in a multiple-choice format. However, many older persons unable identify familiar odors, deficit that associated with the risk of future dementia mortality. The underlying processes subserving OID adults poorly understood. Here, we analyzed error patterns test whether errors could explained by perceptual and/or semantic...

In earlier work, we have shown that articulation rate in Swedish child-directed speech (CDS) increases as a function of the age child, even when utterance length and differences between subjects are controlled for.In this paper show on level spontaneous i) for youngest children, CDS is lower than adult-directed (ADS), ii) there significant negative correlation surprisal (the log probability) ADS, iii) increase child holds, along with speakers for.These results indicate adults adjust their to...

Parosmia is an olfactory disorder that involves distortions of specific odors may co-occur with anosmia, loss smell other odors. Little known about which frequently trigger parosmia, and measures parosmia severity are lacking. Here, we present approach to understand diagnose based on semantic properties (e.g., valence) words describing odor sources ("fish", "coffee", etc.). Using a data-driven method natural language data, identified 38 descriptors. Descriptors were evenly dispersed across...

Abstract Projective prepositions express the relation between two objects by referring to a direction in space and have traditionally been regarded as expressing purely geometric relations. Recent studies shown that appropriateness of English Spanish projectives also depends on functional relations objects. This study investigates if acceptability Swedish över, under, ovanför nedanför are influenced factors well, whether över under differentially function than nedanför, has for their...

Olfactory experiences are hard to verbalize, partly because most languages lack devoted odor vocabularies. Yet, there is a need for standardized vocabulary, but no descriptive system describing the full range of has been agreed upon. Many studies English vocabulary have based on perceptual data such as odor-descriptor ratings, thereby being limited small set pre-selected descriptors. In present study, we data-driven approach that automatically identifies descriptors in English, and then...

In Swedish, grammatical functions are primarily encoded by word order. prototypical transitive sentences, the subject precedes direct object. However, Swedish also allows for fronting of object, although such sentences potentially ambiguous with respect to functions. This study therefore investigates object in written 1) which this construction serves and 2) whether use is dispreferred when cannot be determined on other information types. These questions investigated basis quantitative...

A central component of sentence understanding is verb-argument interpretation, determining how the referents in are related to events or states expressed by verb. Previous work has found that comprehenders change their argument interpretations incrementally as unfolds, based on morphosyntactic (e.g., case, agreement), lexico-semantic animacy, fit), and discourse cues givenness). However, it still unknown whether these have a privileged role language processing, effects interpretation...