This paper reports upon a study of the characteristics receptive surfaces angiosperm stigmas, covering almost 1000 species about 900 genera some 250 families. In both monocotyledons and dicotyledons major subdivision is into those stigmas which are 'dry' at maturity, having hydrated, proteinaceous extracuticular layer or pellicle but no free-flowing secretion, 'wet' bearing such fluid secretion when in state. Further may be made talcing account nature surface cells-whether not papillate...

Climate change refers to the long-term changes in temperature and weather due human activities. Increase average global extreme unpredictable are most common manifestations of climate change. In recent years, it has acquired importance emergency affecting not only wellbeing humans but also sustainability other lifeforms. Enormous increase emission greenhouse gases (CO2, methane nitrous oxide) decades largely burning coal fossil fuels, deforestation main drivers Marked frequency intensity...

The relationship between germinability and fluorochromasia (FCR) has been studied in pollen of eight genera, Secale, Iris, Carex, Eleocharis, Cytisus, Digitalis, Plantago Lonicera. FCR tests two properties the pollen, (a) integrity plasmalemma vegetative cell (b) presence an esterase capable cleaving fluorogenic ester, fluorescein diacetate. In general, correlations were found to be very highly significant. This is interpreted as meaning that primary determinant viability short-term storage...

Stigma-surface esterase activity and stigma receptivity through a sequence of developmental stages the pistil have been studied in four taxa characterized by having wet stigmas — Petunia hybrida, Nicotiana tabacum, Crinum defixum Amaryllis vittata. The style is solid first two hollow latter taxa. In all taxa, stigma—surface could be detected thin surface layer (pellicle) from very early stage development, irrespective presence or absence exudate. However, showed variation receptivity....

The stigmas of buds the age range capable accepting self-pollen (bud pollination) in self incompatible individuals Raphanus sativus and Cheiranthus cheiri were found to have cuticularised papillae already carrying a thin surface secretion over receptive area. Enzymatic digestion proteinaceous part this reduced germination rate both compatible pollen prevented tubes that formed from penetrating cuticle papillae, so abolishing compatibility. This indicates an stigma factors concerned with...

Pollen grains of Brassica juncea (L) Czern. were exposed to high temperature (45, 60 and 75°C, for 4–24 h) their viability [using the fluorochromatic reaction (FCR) test], germination, ability set fruits seeds investigated. High up 60°C did not affect pollen viability; these samples germinated on stigma produced seeds. There was no correlation between seed in 75°C; they showed only about 25% reduction but failed germinate and, consequently, However, induced parthenocarpy. A clear...

Detailed studies were carried out on the phenology, floral biology, pollination ecology and breeding system of Boswellia serrata Roxb. (Burseraceae) source 'salai guggul'. The trees remain leafless during entire period flowering fruiting. inflorescence is a terminal raceme produces up to 90 bisexual, actinomorphic flowers. On average flower 10 044 ± 1259 starch-filled pollen grains. About 85% fresh grains are viable; ovule ratio 3348 : 1. stigma wet papillate type. style hollow with three...

Sperm cells have been isolated from pollen tubes growing in style segments of the dicotlyledon Rhododendron macgregoriae and monocotyledon Gladiolus gandavensis by vivo/in vitro method at various stages fertilization. Pollen emerged cut end into agar medium, more than 95% contained sperm cells. were released osmotic shock or placing styles wall-degrading enzymes: 0.5% macerozyme 1% cellulase. The sperms ellipsoidal protoplasts diameter about 2 × 3 micrometers 4 Rhododendron. After isolation,...

Elettaria cardamomum, a highly priced spice, is native to the Western Ghats of South India. Wild populations still occur in isolated patches their natural habitats; however, much today's commercial product comes from cultivated sources. There no information on domestication-related traits this species; main objective study was compare wild and cardamom terms vegetative reproductive features order identify domestication syndromes examine whether two have developed barriers. Two five...

Pollination becomes a constraint when conspecific plants and/or their pollinators become scarce. Many plant species have evolved autogamous self-pollination as means of reproductive assurance (RA) under pollination-uncertain environments. So far RA has been studied and discussed largely with reference to self-compatible producing bisexual flowers. seems across all other sexual breeding systems - monoecy, dioecy self-incompatibility (SI). Both monoecy produce flowers (andro/gyno-monoecy,...