Absence of petals, or being apetalous, is usually one the most important features that characterizes a group flowering plants at high taxonomic ranks (i.e., family and above). The apetalous condition, however, appears to be result parallel convergent evolution with unknown genetic causes. Here we show within buttercup (Ranunculaceae), genera in least seven different lineages were all derived from petalous ancestors, indicative petal losses. We also independent losses this strongly associated...

How genes change their expression patterns over time is still poorly understood. Here, by conducting expression, functional, bioinformatic, and evolutionary analyses, we demonstrate that the differences between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) APETALA1 (AP1) CAULIFLOWER (CAL) duplicate in time, space, level of were determined presence or absence functionally important transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs) regulatory regions. In particular, a CArG box, which autoregulatory site AP1 can...

Abstract Pterocarya (Juglandaceae) is disjunctly distributed in East Asia and the Caucasus region today, but its fossils are widely Northern Hemisphere. We first inferred phylogeny with time estimation of under node‐dating (ND) based on plastomes all eight extant species tip‐dating (TD) 69 morphological characters 19 extinct species, respectively. compared biogeographical reconstructions timetrees from ND TD, respectively, then compiled 83 fossil records 599 current occurrences for...

The bamboo shoot is a crucial component of forest economy. Previous studies have demonstrated that rapid lignification occurs during the postharvest storage shoots. However, mechanism underlying after harvesting remains unclear. To explore this phenomenon in Moso (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.) shoots, we employed morphological, cytological, lignin content determination, and transcriptomic analysis methods. Our results indicated optimal consumption period within 12–24 h...

Based on several evidences from morphology, micromorphology the abaxial leaf epidermis, and phylogenetic analysis by using complete chloroplast genome data, a new combination two synonyms were reported in genus Indocalamus Nakai. cordatus T. H. Wen et Y. Zou was synonymized with I. tessellatus (Munro) P. C. Keng, multinerus (W. Lin Z. M. Wu) W. chebalingensis Lin. As combination, mollis (H. R. Zhao L. Yang) Q. Gao, G. Zhang Yang, created supplementally described. In addition, lectotype of...

Based on several sources of evidence from morphology, the micromorphology abaxial leaf epidermis, and a phylogenetic analysis using complete chloroplast genome data, new combination two synonyms are reported in genus Indocalamus Nakai. cordatus T. H. Wen et Y. Zou is synonymized with I. tessellatus (Munro) P. C. Keng, multinerus (W. Lin Z. M. Wu) W. chebalingensis Lin. As combination, mollis (H. R. Zhao L. Yang) Q. Gao, G. Zhang Yang was created supplementally described. In addition,...

Summary Elaborate petals are present in many flowering plants lineages and have greatly promoted the success evolutionary radiation of these groups. How elaborate made, however, remains largely unclear. Petals Nigella (Ranunculaceae) long been recognized as can thus be an excellent model for study petal elaboration. Here, by conducting detailed morphological, micromorphological, anatomical, developmental studies on species, we explored processes, general patterns underlying mechanisms We...

Summary Bamboo with its remarkable growth rate and economic significance, offers an ideal system to investigate the molecular basis of organogenesis in rapidly growing plants, particular monocots, where gene regulatory networks governing maintenance differentiation shoot apical intercalary meristems remain a subject controversy. We employed both spatial single‐nucleus transcriptome sequencing on 10× platform precisely dissect functions various tissues early developmental stages bamboo...

Wen is a small yet taxonomically challenging genus within the Arundinarieae tribe. Recent molecular studies have suggested it may not be monophyletic. However, limited species sampling and insufficient marker information resulted in poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships this genus.

Among the numerous fruit species of Baccaurea ramiflora Lour., 'LR' (white flesh) and 'BR' (pink are two kinds local strains with high edibility. In order to study metabolic causes taste differences, we performed non-targeted metabonomics analysis using LC-MS/MS. 541 metabolites were totally identified, 45 (carbohydrates, fatty acids, flavonoids terpenoids, etc.) different between strains. The results indicate L-sorbose, D-(+)-glucose, citric acid, L-phenylalanine oleamide, α-eleostearic...

Premise of research. Floral synorganization is a structural feature many speciose angiosperm taxa and considered morphological innovation paving the way for evolutionary diversification. Staphisagria sister to remaining Delphinieae, only lineage Ranunculaceae characterized by zygomorphic flowers. We aim at providing description floral organogenesis morphogenesis in both species, presenting disparity Delphinieae hyperorgans phylogenetic framework, proposing scenario likely developmental...

Gelidocalamus xunwuensis W.G.Zhang & G.Y.Yang, a new species collected from Xunwu County of Jiangxi Province in China, is described and illustrated. The similar to G. stellatus the habit, but differs by internodes sparsely hairy with granuliferous warts, culm sheath stiffly hairy, blade broadly lanceolate narrowly triangular, each node ring appressed trichomes below, foliage leaves oblong, shoots occurring late October.

Five taxa of Delphinium subg. Anthriscifolium have been karyologically studied through chromosome counting, chromosomal measurement, and karyotype symmetry. Each taxon that we investigated has a basic number x = 8, D. anthriscifolium var. savatieri, majus, ecalcaratum , callichromum were diploid with 2n 16, while was tetraploid 32. Monoploid sets the contained 1 metacentric chromosome, 3 submetacentric chromosomes, 4 subtelocentric chromosomes. Higher interchromosomal asymmetry (CV CL )...

In the present study, a classical taxonomic analysis of micromorphological characters leaf epidermis was employed to reassess taxonomy Gelidocalamus stellatus and its infraspecific taxa from southern China. We propose that G. monophyllus is distinct stellatus, wugongshanensis should be treated as variety under stellatus. The variety, i.e. var. mangshanensis, collected Mangshan Hunan Province in China, re-described illustrated. A formal treatment presented, including descriptions, comments,...

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gelidocalamus xunwuensis, firstly determined here, is 139,705 bp in length, inclusive a pair inverted repeat (IR, 21,817 bp) regions separated by small single copy (SSC, 12,803 and large (LSC, 83,268 bp). It contains 132 genes, such as 85 CDS, 8 rRNA 39 tRNA respectively. phylogenetic analysis shows that G. xunwuensis highly clustered the shibataea clade (III) Arundinarieae, sister to tessellatus + Ferrocalamus rimosivaginus.

Abstract Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) are characterized by zygomorphic spiral flowers and show a remarkable diversity of perianth organization. Floral structure development have been investigated in most lineages the tribe, mainly focusing on establishment symmetry development. In this study, floral organogenesis morphogenesis Delphinium anthriscifolium, member recently erected subgenus Anthriscifolium, were compared with those other species phylogenetic context. D. zygomorphy flower is...

The genus Gelidocalamus T. H. Wen, endemic to southern China, is a small but taxonomically problematic of Arundinarieae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae). During field work, population from Zixing, Hunan, was discovered, appearing be distinct our previously identified collection. Comparisons the Zixing were performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and plastid genome-based phylogeny. Morphologically, it mostly similar G. multifolius , differed culm leaf erect with densely white pubescence,...

In the present study, we employed a classical taxonomic analysis of micromorphological characters leaf epidermis to reassess taxonomy four Gelidocalamus taxa, genus woody bamboos endemic China. We propose that G. subsolidus is distinct from tessellatus, and albopubescens should be placed in synonymy under subsolidus. A formal treatment presented, including description, comments, illustrations, distribution map, SEM images abaxial epidermis.

The regulation of flowering time is a highly coordinative process that involves the interplay multiple genes.

Gelidocalamus albozonatus W. G. Zhang, S. R. Yi & Y. L. Li, a new species of , collected from Pengshui County Chongqing City in China, was described and illustrated herein. In this study, key morphological characters were compared between the other eight “gelido-” members . By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), its leaf epidermal observed comparison with those another three representatives. Our results show that taxon has typical characteristics genus both macromorphologically...

Chimonobambusa sichuanensis is an ornamental shrubby bamboo endemic to southern China. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequence of was first reported. The cpDNA 139,594 bp in length, including a small single-copy (SSC) region 12,820 and large (LSC) 83,196 bp, which were separated by pair inverted repeat (IR) regions 21,789 bp. contains 140 genes, consisting 93 protein-coding seven ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 40 transfer (tRNA) genes. phylogenetic analysis showed that C....