Flood inundation maps provide valuable information towards flood risk preparedness, management, communication, response, and mitigation at the time of disaster, can be developed by harnessing power satellite imagery. In present study, Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) data Otsu method were utilized to map areas. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used for implementing algorithm processing SAR data. The results assessed (i) calculating a confusion matrix; (ii) comparing submerge water...

The present paper discusses a coupled gridded crop modeling and hydrologic system that can examine the benefits of irrigation costs coincident impact water withdrawals on surface hydrology. is applied to Southeastern U.S. tools be discussed include version (GriDSSAT) DSSAT. demand from GriDSSAT regional model (WaSSI). WaSSI are through USDA NASS CropScape data provide acreages in each watershed. provides dynamic which function weather. responds weather includes all other anthropogenic...

Agricultural runoff ranks second only to atmospheric deposition as a source of nitrogen pollution streams in the southeastern United States. Climate-smart practices such irrigation have potential reduce these impacts and provide resilience face climate change. The purpose this study is evaluate impact amounts fertilizer application strategies on surface nitrate export surrounding steams. Data from an existing experiment corn fertilization Southeastern US was utilized crop simulation model...

Wheat is cultivated on more than 2.7 million hectares in Afghanistan annually, yet the country dependent imports to meet domestic demand. The timely estimation of wheat production highly critical address any potential food security issues and has been identified as a priority by Ministry Agriculture Irrigation Livestock (MAIL). In this study, we developed system for in-season mapping crop area based both optical (Sentinel-2) synthetic aperture radar (SAR, Sentinel-1) data support management...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability soil physical characteristics (i.e., texture and moisture conditions) better understand breeding conditions desert locust (DL). Though are well-known necessary environmental for DL breeding, in study, we highlight model-derived estimates contribute towards broader monitoring activities. We focus on recent upsurge East Africa from October 2019 though June 2020, utilizing known observations United Nations Food Agriculture Organization...

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission is dedicated toward global soil moisture mapping. Typically, an L-band microwave radiometer has spatial resolution on the order of 36–40 km, which too coarse for many specific hydro-meteorological and agricultural applications. With failure SMAP active radar within three months becoming operational, intermediate (9-km) finer (3-km) scale product solely from no longer possible. Therefore, focus this study a disaggregation 36-km passive-only...

Abstract This paper explores the link between anomalous warming hole in southeastern United States and a major land-use/land-cover (LULC) change region. Land surface satellite observations were analyzed to estimate net radiative forcing due LULC change. Albedo latent energy specifically addressed for dominant of agriculture forests. It was assumed that energy-limited environment region, partition changes available albedo will mostly impact sensible heat. The results show States, period 1920...

In this study we analyzed two models commonly used in remote sensing-based root-zone soil moisture (SM) estimations: one utilizing the exponential decaying function and other derived from principle of maximum entropy (POME). We both to deduce (0–100 cm) SM conditions at 11 sites located southeastern USA for period 2012–2017 evaluated strengths weaknesses each approach against ground observations. The results indicate that, temporally, shallow depths (10 cm), performed similarly, with...

Informational entropy can be used to elucidate some important relationships between precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), and discharge over a range of spatial temporal scales. Entropy does not suffer from any priori assumptions linearity or distributional characteristics. In study the Southeastern United States, mutual information were identify hydrologic variables scales few hundred several thousand km2 days months. Two distinct ET data sets compared- one based on highly parameterized...

Tethys Platform is an open source framework for developing web-based applications Earth Observation data. Our experience shows that significantly lowers the barrier cloud-based app development, simplifies process of accessing scalable distributed cloud computing resources and leverages additional software data computationally intensive modelling. The development kit allows users to create web apps visualizing, analyzing modelling platform provides a collaborative environment scientists...

Drought is a complex phenomenon that impacts multitude of sectors globally and difficult to characterize due the variation in defining conditions. With over 2.5 billion people dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods, agricultural drought are particularly acute. Specific indicators based different aspects hydrologic cycle can be used better mitigate its impacts. The overall objective this study develop monthly Composite Index (CDI) using Earth observation datasets provide an assessment...

Land cover change and its impact on food security is a topic that has major implications for development in population-dense Southeast Asia. The main drivers of forest loss include the expansion agriculture plantation estates, growth urban centers, extraction natural resources, water infrastructure development. design implementation appropriate land use policies requires accurate timely information dynamics to account potential political, economical, agricultural consequences. Therefore,...

Vertical soil moisture profiles based on the principle of maximum entropy (POME) were validated using field and model data applied to guide an irrigation cycle over a maize in north central Alabama (USA). The results demonstrate that simple two-constraint under assumption uniform initial distribution can simulate most occur particular climate regime prevails study area. simulation demonstrated POME produced very efficient strategy with minimal losses (about 1.9% total water). However, for...

Cropping system models can be used to both assess regional food security and monitor predict agricultural drought. Agriculture in Kenya is extremely important the economy of country. This study evaluated a implementation widely crop model, Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), within coupled modeling framework, Regional Hydrologic Extremes Assessment (RHEAS), over Kenya. The goal this was ability RHEAS simulate annual variability maize yields at county level evaluate...

In arid and semi-arid regions of Eastern Southern Africa, drought can be devastating to pastoralists who depend on healthy vegetation for their herds. The Kenya Livestock Insurance Program (KLIP) addresses this challenge through its insurance program that relies a index product derived from eMODIS NDVI (enhanced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). payouts are triggered when values fall below certain threshold Unit Area (UAI). objective study is produce an updated, cloud-based product,...

Kenya is highly dependent on precipitation for both food and water security. Farmers pastoralists rely rain to provide crops vegetation feed herds. As such, forecasts can be useful tools inform decision makers potentially allow the preparation such events as drought. This study assessed predictability of a seasonal forecast (CFSv2) short-term (CHIRPS-GEFS) over Kenya. The was its ability predict onset date rainy season, skill in predicting abnormal patterns. CHIRPS-GEFS provided starting...

© 2019 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Tsegaye Tadesse, ttadesse2@unl.edu

The 2019–2020 Desert Locust (DL) upsurge in East Africa threatened food security for millions the region. This highlighted need to track and quantify damaging impacts of swarming insects on cropland rangelands. Satellite Earth observations (EO) data have potential contribute DL damage assessments that can inform control measures, aid distribution recovery efforts. EO complement traditional ground based surveys (which are currently further limited due COVID-19), by rapidly cost effectively...

<title>Abstract</title> In order to bolster drought assessment and forecasting capabilities in Alabama, The University of Alabama Huntsville has developed a network rapidly-deployable, low-cost soil moisture, temperature, environment monitoring stations (STEMMNet). This provides near-real-time transmission in-situ sensed, high temporal resolution data, offering an extension beyond climatological analysis into operational use. Stations are manufactured using commercially available,...

Managing water resources requires consideration of both environmental and socio-economic benefits to effectively balance the costs. This includes identifying ecosystem services (ES) concern how evaluate project or proposed changes effect on these ES. The purpose this effort is describe methods provide expanded irrigation existing agricultural lands in Alabama potential application other areas. A case study has been undertaken Middle watershed central have developed applied ES terms irrigated...