Hydrogen is becoming an increasingly important energy carrier in sector integration for fuel cell transportation, heat and electricity. Underground salt caverns are one of the most promising ways to store hydrogen obtained from water electrolysis using power generation renewable sources (RES). At same time, production can be used avoid curtailments during times low electricity demand or prices. The stored also high generation, e.g., with cells, cover fluctuations shortages caused by RES...

Abstract The photo‐induced charge transfer and the dynamics of persistent carriers in blends semiconducting polymers nanocrystals are investigated. Regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is used as electron donor material, while acceptor moiety established by CdSe (nc‐CdSe) prepared via colloidal synthesis. As a reference system, organic P3HT [6,6]‐phenyl C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) studied well. light‐induced between materials photoluminescence (PL), absorption (PIA) spin...

The optimal combination of energy conversion and storage technologies with local demand is a key but in its result not obvious challenge distributed energy. Although variety possible approaches to the design limited technology selections can be found literature, previous step, actual selection, subsequent selection operating strategy, are often neglected. We develop demonstrate methodology, which optimise systems arbitrary under multi-criteria optimality definitions. system modelled...

Ultrathin 1D optical cavities enable strong and spectrally broad absorption in solar cells. This approach requires highly absorptive materials as well tailoring of the phase shifts induced by resonator interfaces. A current density 20 mA cm–2 is obtained using an amorphous germanium absorber with a thickness only 13 nm.

With the usage of two transparent electrodes, organic solar cells are semitransparent and may be combined to parallel-connected multi-junction devices or used for innovative applications like power-generating windows. A challenging issue is optimization in order combine high transparency with adequate electric properties. In present work, we study potential sputter-deposited aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as an alternative widely but relatively expensive indium tin (ITO) cathode material...

A fully automated transferable predictive approach was developed to predict photovoltaic (PV) power output for a forecasting horizon of 24 h. The prediction PV made with the help long short-term memory machine learning algorithm. main challenge using (1) publicly available weather reports without solar irradiance values and (2) measured any technical information about system. Using this input data, model can investigated systems adequate accuracy. lowest seasonal mean absolute scaled error...

Integrating various sectors enhances resilience in distributed sector-integrated energy systems. Forecasting is vital for unlocking full potential and enabling well-informed decisions management. Given the inherent variability generation demand prediction, quantification of uncertainty crucial. Therefore, probabilistic forecasting becoming imperative compared to deterministic forecasting, as it ensures a more comprehensive depiction uncertainty. This paper introduces net load framework...

In this study, we developed a technology-independent method for quantifying the time-varying flexibility potential of different energy systems. As these systems was assumed to be an additional service, their primary application must not undermined by provision; example, providing from heat pump threaten space heating building. Therefore, contains estimation technology- and schedule-specific boundaries that consider The proposed presented in universal, two-dimensional,...

Forecasting generation and demand forms the foundation of power system planning, operation, a multitude decision‐making processes. However, traditional deterministic forecasts lack crucial information about uncertainty. With increasing decentralization systems, understanding, quantifying uncertainty are vital for maintaining resilience. This paper introduces binning method (UBM), novel approach that extends models to provide comprehensive probabilistic forecasting thereby support informed in...

This article provides an overview of the requirements for a grid-oriented integration hydrogen energy storage (HES) and components into power grid. Considering general definition HES possible components, this paper presents future demand, electrolysis performance, capacity. These parameters were determined through various overall system studies aiming climate neutrality by year 2045. In Germany, targeted expansion renewable generation capacity necessitates grid to transport electricity from...

Zinc oxide nanorod structures constitute a promising concept to improve light management in photovoltaic devices. This paper reports on the antireflective properties of zinc arrays hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin‐film solar cells. Arrays with different structure sizes, grown by electrochemical deposition aluminum doped seed layers thicknesses (400 nm, 800 1200 nm), are compared. The results show reduction average weighted cell reflectivity up 6.1%, as well enhanced quantum efficiencies...

In silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, the embedded p-layer (emitter) between transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and crystalline is depleted form both sides. Hence, high level of doping required to preserve flat band. this report, role emitter conductivity on electrical properties SHJ cells investigated. We offer depositing microcrystalline (μc-Si) films satisfy suppress Schottky barrier when employing low work function TCO material. Finally, by μc-Si layers, passivation cell...

Abstract Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells are highly interesting, because of their high efficiency and low cost fabrication. So far, the most applied transparent conductive oxide (TCO) is indium tin (ITO). The replacement ITO with cheaper, more abundant environmental friendly material texturing capability a promising way to reduce production future SHJ cells. Here, we report on fabrication direct current‐sputtered aluminum‐doped zinc (ZnO:Al) as an alternative TCO. Furthermore,...

We present the optimization and characterization of heterojunction solar cells consisting an amorphous silicon emitter, a single crystalline absorber rear side which causes formation back surface field (a-Si:H/c-Si/a-Si:H). The were processed at temperatures <220°C. An optimum gas phase doping concentration a-Si:H layers was found. For high concentrations, recombination via defects located or nearby interface leads to decrease in cell efficiency. achieved efficiencies >17% on p-type c-Si...

In this paper, modeling of light propagation in silicon thin film solar cells without using any fitting parameter is presented. The aim to create a realistic view the trapping effects and resulting optical generation rate absorbing semiconductor layers. focus on real three dimensional systems. Our software Sentaurus tcad, developed by Synopsys, has ability import topography measurements model finite-difference time-domain method. To verify simulation, we compared measured simulated angular...

The increasing penetration of the power grid with renewable distributed generation causes significant voltage fluctuations. Providing reactive helps balancing in grid. This paper proposes a novel adaptive volt-var control algorithm on basis deep reinforcement learning. learning agent is an online-learning deterministic policy gradient that applicable under real-time conditions smart inverters for management. only uses input data from connection point inverter itself; thus, no additional...