In the study of nonconscious processing, different methods have been used in order to render stimuli invisible. While their properties are well described, level at which they disrupt processing remains unclear. Yet, such accurate estimation depth processes is crucial for a clear differentiation between conscious and cognition. Here, we compared facial expressions rendered invisible through gaze-contingent crowding (GCC), masking, continuous flash suppression (CFS), three techniques relying...

Over the last two decades, there has been a growing interest in study of individual differences how people’s judgments and decisions deviate from normative standards. We conducted systematic review heuristics-and-biases tasks for which their reliability were measured, resulted 41 biases measured over 108 studies, suggested that reliable measures are still needed some described literature. To encourage facilitate future studies on heuristics biases, we centralized task materials an online...

Crowding occurs when nearby flankers impede the identification of a peripheral stimulus. Here, we studied whether crowded features containing inaccessible emotional information can nevertheless affect preference judgments. We relied on gaze-contingent crowding, novel method allowing for constant perceptual unawareness through eye-tracking control, and found that facial expressions bias evaluative judgments neutral pictographs. Furthermore, this was effective not only static images faces, but...

This study aimed to assess the psychometric robustness of French version Supportive Care Needs Survey and breast cancer (BC) module (SCNS-SF34-Fr SCNS-BR8-Fr). Breast patients were recruited in two hospitals (in Paris, France Lausanne, Switzerland) either ambulatory chemotherapy or radiotherapy, surgery services. They invited complete SCNS-SF34-Fr SCNS-BR8-Fr as well quality life patient satisfaction questionnaires. Three hundred eighty-four (73% response rate) BC returned completed A...

summary When constructing a complete denture, the correct vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and centric relation (CR) can be difficult to determine. The aim this study was compare swallowing technique used determine maxillomandibular relationship with conventional technique. Fifteen edentulous patients were selected, each having denture. VDO CR assessed using acrylic base plates Boley gauge. First, established by means rest (VDR) interocclusal space, obtained mandibular manipulation....

This article presents a particular viewpoint on how nudge should be understood.The concept of has generated considerable interest among academics and policymakers.However, ten years later, what is meant exactly by "nudge" still matter debate.In fact, there fundamental discrepancy between the (original) narrow definition Thaler Sunstein (nudge in sense, NN) (later) broad NB).These two definitions differ regarding instrumental use rationality failures, accordingly whether provision or...

Second, at one of the four levels play, all players have folded their hands except one, who is then winner. In such cases, player wins pot does not to reveal his cards (i.e., no showdown). Because growth poker’s popularity and its economic importance, issue whether poker governed by skill or chance has become recurring turned into a social debate, as evidenced Celeste Biever’s recent paper in The New Scientist. As card game, would be if outcome most games were determined value cards—the...

Affective priming (AP) is a well-established phenomenon in which performance to valenced target typically better when it preceded by an affectively congruent prime than incongruent prime. Several studies have emphasized strong similarity between AP and Stroop suggesting that both are driven response interference. The present study investigated this hypothesis testing whether general prediction of the interference model was verified two tasks. This refers strength states size compatibility...

Boxing and MMA have a longstanding issue with judging, as evidenced by frequent controversial decisions. Like boxing, bouts are scored following the 10-Point Must System, which judges score each round individually. In present study, we compare performance of two methods scores aggregation: standard method (aggregation over rounds then judges) an alternative known consensus scoring rounds). For that purpose, conducted statistical analysis 4,129 went to decision between 2003 2023. Our findings...

<title>Abstract</title> When they are asked to test a given hypothesis, individuals tend be biased towards confirming evidence. This phenomenon has been documented on different cognitive components: information search, weighing of evidence, and memory recall. However, the interpretation these observations debated, it remains unclear whether truly reflect confirmation bias (as opposed e.g., positive information). In present study we aimed at evaluating biases might subtended by common factor....

When they are asked to test a given hypothesis, individuals tend be biased towards confirming evidence. This phenomenon has been documented on different cognitive components: information search, weighing of evidence, and memory recall. However, the interpretation these observations debated, it remains unclear whether truly reflect confirmation bias (as opposed e.g., positive information). In present study we aimed at evaluating biases might subtended by common factor. We adapted three...

Redistribution preferences depend on factors such as self-interest and political views. Recently, Deffains et al. (2016) reported that redistributive behavior is also sensitive to the actual experience of success or failure in a real effort task. While successful participants (‘overachievers’) are more likely attribute their rather than luck opt for less redistribution, unsuccessful (‘underachievers’) tend external redistribution. The aim present study was test how (symbolic success) views...

The automaticity of evaluative processing is one the most important issues in cognitive psychology emotions. affective priming paradigm has been created specifically order to provide some evidence regarding this issue. For 20 years, resulted a significant number studies. Originally focused on evaluation, investigation rapidly moved underlying mechanisms and it led theoretical dichotomy. Some studies suggest that spreading activation mechanism underlies effects, whereas other effect...

The attentional blink (AB) is a well-established paradigm in which identification of target T2 reduced shortly after presentation an earlier T1. An important question concerns the importance backward masking during AB. While task switching has been found to be strong modulator mediating AB without any T2, present study investigated whether spatial could similarly produce masking. Using items appeared at different locations; we (a) significant but no when distractors followed (b) evidence for...

The study of individual differences in rational decision-making has led to two close streams research. While the scores Adult-Decision Making Competence (A-DMC) tasks provided evidence favor a general competence (DMC) factor, studies investigating performance on heuristics and biases have challenged one-factor model rationality. Assuming that are part DMC considering A-DMC assesses just few them, aim present was test whether factor still emerges when adding four six tasks, while ensuring...