Despite advantages and promising features of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC), this smart material has some drawbacks that should be eliminated as much possible for improving the IPMC performance. One most important is back relaxation (BR). When a step input voltage applied to IPMC, it bends toward anode. The BR unwanted slow bending cathode. Several techniques based on using feedback control loop have been proposed eliminating effect. However, these are effective only when displacement...

3D integrated microfluid devices are a group of engineered microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) whereby the feature size and operating range components on microscale. These or have ability to detect, control, activate, create macroscale effects. On this basis, microfluidic chips that enable microliters smaller volumes fluids be controlled moved within microscale-sized (one-millionth meter) channels. While small scale can compared larger applications, such as pipes plumbing practices, their...

Modeling and identification of dynamic behavior ionic polymer metal composites as a widely used smart material is an inevitable work. In this article, unlike other conventional methods that modeled the tip displacement or uniform deformation composite, we have nonuniform composite actuator. Final target method estimation prediction multi-criteria mathematical model. This model has been defined in such way all geometrical characteristics, shape, curvature it are consistent with...

Ionic polymer–metal composites are an emerging kind of electroactive polymer actuators, which can bend in response to a relatively low driving voltage. However, enhance the actuation performance ionic composites, some their drawbacks should be considered. One most important is “back relaxation.” The so-called back relaxation effect means, when step input voltage applied composite, conventional bending displacement toward anode followed by unwanted and slow cathode. Control-based methods for...

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are special smart materials that biocompatible and can be used in biomedical industrial applications. Using previous samples of a system output model (autoregressive models) is not feasible dominant applications IPMCs especially In this paper, we present generalized Volterra-based to achieve nonautoregressive, nonparametric, nonlinear identification IPMC. The significant superiority approach its capability nonautoregressive both linear behaviors IPMC...

Abstract As microfluidic chips are evolving to become a significant analysis tool toward POCT devices, it is crucial make the cost and time required for fabrication process of these as low possible. Because multidisciplinary nature systems collaboration many different laboratories organizations from vastly various fields with unequal types equipment, essential develop new techniques materials integration disparate together more straightforward, accessible, economical. In this paper, we...

Cardiac mapping is a crucial procedure for diagnosing and treating cardiac arrhythmias. Still, current clinical techniques face limitations including insufficient electrode coverage, poor conformability to complex heart chamber geometries, high costs. This study explores the design, testing, validation of 64-electrode soft robotic catheter that addresses these challenges in mapping. A dual-layer flexible printed circuit board (PCB) was designed integrated with sensors into sensor array...

Abstract Increasing demand for wearable devices has resulted in the development of soft sensors; however, an excellent sensor measuring stretch, twist, and pressure simultaneously not been proposed yet. This paper presents a novel, fully 3D, microfluidic-oriented, gel-based, highly stretchable resistive sensor. The is multi-functional could be used to measure pressure, which potential using 3D structure Unlike previous methods, almost all them EGaIn as conductive material, this case, we...

Electroactive-Polymers (EAPs) are one of the best soft μ -actuators with great biomedical applications. Ionic ones (i-EAPs) have more promising features and adequate potential for using in active microfluidic devices. Here, as a case study, we designed fabricated micromixer an i-EAP named Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC). In microfluidics, devices functionality but due to their required facilities less effective Point Care Tests (POCTs). direction solving this paradox, should use some...

In most of the microfluidic applications, it is necessary to have a mixed fluid from beginning, but in microchannels, due facing with low Reynolds flows, fluids flow channel by laminar regimes. Hence mixing process challenging problem and researchers are trying present fast reliable micromixers. this paper, using Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs), an active micromixer has been designed. To investigate appropriateness IPMC, experimental simulation tests, we show that IPMC actuator...

Extended reality (XR) technologies are emerging as promising platforms for medical training and procedural guidance, particularly in complex cardiac interventions. This paper presents a high-fidelity methodology to perform real-time 3D catheter tracking visualization during simulated A custom 3D-printed setup with mounted cameras enables biplane video capture of catheter. computer vision algorithm processes the images reconstruct trajectory represented by any designated number points along...

The original version of the article was inadvertently published with ethical code in Ethical Considerations section.

A Non-rigid Air Flow Active Sensor (NAFAS) to detect the respiratory patterns is introduced in this paper. The main part of NAFAS an ionic electroactive polymer-based i-EAP soft sensor. It can accurately breathing and has promising features develop low cost, wearable, ubiquitous spirometers. Patients with diseases need take pulmonary function tests consistently. Hence, it time-consuming expensive. To address these problems, presents point-of-care testing (POCT) system's function. proposed...

This paper combines microfluidic impedance flow cytometers with Machine Learning (ML) to introduce a new set of sheaths free microchannels that can estimate the size and number multi particles passing through channel. A definition named "Basis Impedances" also is introduced for reconstructing output multiparticle systems in proposed ML algorithm, finally, we will show model play role fast accurate surrogate finite element-based simulation programs. The broader impact method would be trying...

Catheterization is a procedure used to diagnose and treat various cardiovascular diseases. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) an emerging imaging modality that has gained popularity in these procedures due its ability provide high-resolution images of the heart surrounding structures minimally invasive manner. However, given limited field view, orientation within difficult judge simply from observing acquired images. Therefore, ICE catheter tracking, which requires six degrees freedom,...

Soft robotics holds great potential for revolutionizing various industries, and one particularly promising application lies in agricultural harvesting. By leveraging the adaptability, dexterity, gentle touch of soft robotic grippers, we can envision a future where delicate crops are efficiently meticulously harvested with minimal damage. This study presents novel fiberless pneumatic gripper inspired by plant structures, offering multifunctional capabilities such as coiling, bending,...

Abstract Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a kind of soft electroactive composites. An IPMC strip commonly has thin membrane coated with noble as electrodes on both sides. Whenever an electric voltage is applied to the IPMC, it bends and whenever deformed, low measurable between its electrodes, hence actuator well sensor. They known for their promising features like density, lightness, high toughness remarkable stimulus strain, also, they have potential low-voltage operation while...