Abstract The common hippopotamus ( Hippopotamus amphibius ) shares a terrestrial ancestor with whales (Cetacea) and has independently evolved similar physiological adaptations to their aquatic lifestyle. Although several studies have explored the electrical signalling in whale hearts, understanding of conduction system activation heart remains sparse. We set out map within determine sequence activation, including mean axis ventricular activation. ECGs were recorded from three anaesthetized...

Differences in macroscopic measurements of the gastrointestinal tract have been hypothesized to correlate with browser-grazer continuum natural diet ruminants. However, what extent these characteristics represent species-specific traits, or respond actually ingested diet, remains be investigated. Twelve surplus addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) were divided into two groups and fed, for 3 months, either their usual consisting a concentrate feed limited amount hay, unlimited hay only. After...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an uncommon, poorly documented metabolic disorder of birds. Extrapolating knowledge from DM in mammals challenging because marked differences avian physiology and metabolism. A literature review December 1991 to January 2022 identified 14 publications covering 16 diabetic birds, 63% (10/16) which belonged the order Psittaciformes with

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is receiving increased attention for the detection of new viruses and infections occurring at human–animal interface. The ability to actively transport relocate this technology enables in situ virus identification, which could reduce response time enhance disease management. In a previous study, we developed straightforward mNGS procedure that greatly enhances RNA DNA human clinical samples. improved protocol with transportable battery-driven...

The mara (Dolichotis patagonum) is a species classified as "Near Threatened" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. In wild, it inhabits only Argentina, but also kept in zoos around world. order to investigate endoparasites maras Attica Zoological Park, Greece, four fecal examinations were performed period 4 yr (2008–2011) standard parasitologic methods. Cysts protozoan parasite Giardia spp. and eggs nematode Trichuris found all examinations. possible routes infection...

A retrospective survey of outcomes from elective health examinations on amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals in a zoological collection was carried out order to compare differences between taxa, type examination age animal, quantify whether the benefits such interventions exceed potential welfare risks subjects. Outcomes 1651 examinations, including import, pre-export, first routine were recorded analysed. At least one problem found 45.7% with subsequent action (such as treatment,...

A two‐and‐half‐year‐old male neutered rabbit was referred for investigation of intermittent urinary disease 13 months in duration. Case work‐up led to the diagnosis unilateral hydroureteronephrosis following obstructive ureterolithiasis. The establishment contralateral kidney function before ureteronephrectomy constituted a particular diagnostic challenge. This assessed by combination imaging, serum biochemistry, urine protein creatinine ratio and γ‐glutamyltransferase index....

An adult, wild-caught electric eel (Electrophorus electricus), weighing 18 kg and measuring 2 m in length, presented with bilateral swellings behind the pectoral fins, lethargy, anorexia for days. Anesthesia was performed immersion tricaine methanesulphonate supplemented 0.11 mg/kg medetomidine 2.2 ketamine intramuscularly. Endoscopy revealed blood oral gastric cavity. The stomach grossly enlarged, flaccid, contained a lead wire which removed manually. Blood values were severely elevated....

This randomized, crossover study evaluated three sedation protocols administered subcutaneously in nine budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and black-cheeked lovebirds (Agapornis nigrigenis). All included midazolam (5 mg/kg), combined with butorphanol mg/kg) (BM), medetomidine (20 lg/kg) (MM), or alfaxalone (13 (AM). Mortalities from suspected cardiorespiratory arrest were observed when AM was used lovebirds, even after reduction of dosage to 3 mg/kg, therefore this protocol excluded...

Sulawesi crested macaques (Macaca nigra) (SCMs) are critically endangered and frequently suffer from chronic intestinal disease in captivity. Often, despite routine diagnostic investigations confirmation of inflammation, an aetiology cannot be identified, leading to a non-specific categorization as enterocolitis rather than aetiological diagnosis. This study evaluates the histological features gastrointestinal tissues 23 SCMs, comparing animals with clinical history suggestive (n = 14) those...

is a ubiquitous parasite causing significant mortality in captive wildlife, especially marsupials. Historically, treatment has been unrewarding and no vaccine was available. An intranasal based on purified inactivated

Ten A frican pygmy goats and five Cameroon sheep from the Attica Zoological Park in Greece were examined for some health parameters including a thorough clinical examination, haematology, serum biochemistry, serological P CR examination small ruminant lentivirus, milk bacteriology common pathogens of or subclinical mastitis faecal parasitology. These compared with existing literature these two exotic breeds ruminants. Haematologic biochemistry values are to whereas this is first report such...

Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disease in captive non-domesticated ruminants and mainly diagnosed by rumen fluid pH histology. Furthermore, differences ruminant gastrointestinal histology have been hypothesized to correlate with the browser-grazer continuum. Twelve surplus addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) were divided into two groups, fed either their usual diet, consisting of concentrate feed limited amount hay, or diet unlimited hay only, for 3 months. After culling, descriptive...

We describe cases of collyriclosis in apodiform and passeriform birds Portugal, Switzerland, Germany. extend the host range Collyriculm faba to include ( Apus apus , melba pallidus ) passerine Sitta europaea (Eurasian Nuthatch). Infections varied severity from an incidental finding severe debilitation death. The infection route remains unclear with apparent absence Germany, Switzerland first intermediate C. faba, aquatic gastropod Bythinella austriaca, implying that other organisms might be...

Empirical data suggest that rectal prolapse (RP) is common in captive Sulawesi crested black macaques (Macaca nigra) Europe, resulting the euthanasia of animals experience repeat occurrences. However, prevalence, etiology, and risk factors RP remain unidentified. The aims this retrospective study were to assess morbidity mortality RP, provide an overview management practices, identify for species. A questionnaire was sent all European Ex situ Programme institutions housed M. nigra between 01...

Abstract Three African spurred tortoises ( Centrochelys sulcata ) were referred for inappetence and lethargy of 1 week's duration. On presentation, one animal was confirmed dead submitted necropsy. The conspecifics treated symptomatically upper respiratory tract disease. deceased individual tested negative herpes‐, rana‐ picornavirus but positive Mycoplasma agassizii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), however, without exhibiting pathological changes consistent with this infection. Instead,...

Multiple occurrences of yolk sac retention prompted a retrospective investigation in recently formed colony captive Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). Necropsy reports 141 parent-reared penguin chicks that died between January 2014 and December 2018 were reviewed for evidence retention, defined as the presence at postmortem examination chick aged 7 d or greater, analyzed by demographic pathological variables identification risk factors. Fifty-nine (65%) age greater had retained...