A new final state of gravitational collapse is proposed. By extending the concept Bose–Einstein condensation to systems, a cold, dark, compact object with an interior de Sitter condensate p v = -ρ and exterior Schwarzschild geometry arbitrary total mass M constructed. These regions are separated by shell small but finite proper thickness ℓ fluid equation +ρ , replacing both classical horizons. The solution has no singularities, event horizons, global time. Its entropy maximized under...

In this, the first of a series papers on quantum field theory in de Sitter spacetime, invariant vacuum state appropriate for inflationary models early universe is identified and shown to decay due Hawking effect. The created pairs have an energy-momentum which leads first-order decrease effective cosmological constant, independently any matter phase transition. A mechanism dynamically relaxing ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\mathrm{eff}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0}$ thereby suggested.

A new final endpoint of complete gravitational collapse is proposed. By extending the concept Bose–Einstein condensation to systems, a static, spherically symmetric solution Einstein’s equations obtained, characterized by an interior de Sitter region p=−ρ vacuum condensate and exterior Schwarzschild geometry arbitrary total mass M. These are separated phase boundary with small but finite thickness ℓ, replacing both classical horizons. The resulting collapsed cold, compact object has no...

We study the trace-anomaly-induced dynamics of conformal factor four-dimensional (4D) quantum gravity. The resulting effective scalar theory is ultraviolet renormalizable, and possesses a nontrivial, infrared stable fixed point. exact anomalous scaling dimension at critical point derived. argue that this describes 4D gravity large distances provides framework for dynamical solution cosmological-constant problem.

We investigate the mechanism of pair creation in scalar QED from spatially homogeneous strong electric fields 1+1 dimensions. Solution semiclassical field equations shows particle followed by plasma oscillations. compare our results with a model based on relativistic Boltzmann-Vlasov equation pair-creation source term related to Schwinger mechanism. The time evolution and current obtained is surprisingly similar that found calculation.

We present a general method of deriving the effective action for conformal anomalies in any even dimension, which satisfies Wess-Zumino consistency condition by construction. The relies on defining coboundary operator local Weyl group, and giving cohomological interpretation to counterterms dimensional regularization with respect this group. Non-trivial cocycles group arise from functionals that are invariant only physical integer dimension. In dimension non-trivial generate covariant...

The adiabatic particle number in mean field theory obeys a quantum Vlasov equation which is nonlocal time. For weak, slowly varying electric fields this can be identified with the single distribution function phase space, and its time rate of change appropriate effective source term for Boltzmann-Vlasov equation. By analyzing evolution we exhibit structure creation process constant field, derive local form due to pair creation. In order capture secular Schwinger rate, requires an asymptotic...

The initial-value problem for the quantum back reaction in spinor QED is formulated and solved semiclassical mean-field approximation a homogeneous but time-dependent electric field $E(t)$. We apply method of adiabatic regularization to Dirac equation order renormalize expectation value current derive finite coupled set ordinary differential equations time evolution system. solve this system 1+1 dimensions numerically compare solution simple model based on relativistic Boltzmann-Vlasov...

An effective action technique for the time evolution of a closed system consisting one or more mean fields interacting with their quantum fluctuations is presented. By marrying large-N expansion methods to Schwinger-Keldysh path formulation action, causality resulting equations motion ensured and systematic, energy-conserving gauge-invariant about quasiclassical field(s) in powers 1/N developed. The general method exposed two specific examples, O(N) symmetric scalar...

We consider the effects of sphaleronlike transitions in high-temperature QCD plasma. Because chiral anomaly, these imply rapid chirality change, and strongly influence dynamics any axionic fields that may couple to topological winding number QCD. derive a coupled set equations describing evolution axion field fermion density at high temperatures. The unsuppressed result damping coherent oscillations. implications this phenomenon for early Universe cosmology is discussed.

In addition to simple scale invariance, a universe dominated by dark energy naturally gives rise correlation functions possessing full conformal invariance. This is due the mathematical isomorphism between group of certain 3 dimensional slices de Sitter space and isometry SO(4,1). standard homogeneous isotropic cosmological model in which primordial density perturbations are generated during long vacuum phase, embedding flat spatial sections induces invariant perturbation spectrum definite...

We show that global de Sitter space is unstable to particle creation, even for a massive free field theory with no self-interactions. The O(4,1) invariant state definite phase coherent superposition of and anti-particle solutions in both the asymptotic past future, therefore not true vacuum state. In closely related case creation by constant, uniform electric field, time symmetric analogous one constructed, which also stable provide general framework necessary describe process, mean number,...

The time evolution of O(N) symmetric lambda Phi^4 scalar field theory is studied in the large N limit. In this limit <Phi> mean and two-point correlation function <Phi Phi> evolve together as a self-consistent closed Hamiltonian system, characterized by Gaussian density matrix. static part effective defines True Effective Potential U_eff for configurations far from thermal equilibrium. Numerically solving equations energy densities corresponding to quench unstable spinodal region, we find...

The two-point correlation function of metric fluctuations in de Sitter space is calculated. results are expressed a gauge-invariant and O(4,1)-invariant form terms elementary functions z(x,x′) (a biscalar variable simply related to the invariant distance between x x′). Feynman for transverse, trace-free, scalar grow without bounds, as ln z z, respectively, large z. consequences this bad infrared behavior discussed it shown that leads divergences physical quantities at both classical quantum levels.

We present an approach to the problem of vacuum energy in cosmology, based on dynamical screening Λ horizon scale. review first physical basis as a phenomenon connected with macroscopic boundary conditions, and origin idea its by particle creation polarization effects. next discuss relevance quantum trace anomaly this issue. The implies additional terms low-energy effective theory gravity, which amounts non-trivial modification classical Einstein theory, fully consistent Equivalence...

The nonequilibrium evolution of the hadronic plasma produced in a high energy heavy ion collision is studied O(4) linear \ensuremath{\sigma} model to leading order large N expansion. Starting from an approximate equilibrium configuration at initial proper time \ensuremath{\tau} disordered phase we study transition ordered broken symmetry as system expands and cools. We give results for effective pion mass, parameter 〈\ensuremath{\sigma}〉 well two point correlation function. space conditions...

The current and voltage fluctuations in a normal tunnel junction are calculated from microscopic theory. power spectrum can deviate the familiar Johnson-Nyquist form when self-capacitance of is small, at low temperatures ($C\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.1$ pF, $T\ensuremath{\lesssim}10$ mK), permitting experimental verification. deviation reflects discrete nature charge transfer across should be present wide class similar systems.

We derive the time-evolution equations appropriate to initial-value problems in \ensuremath{\lambda}(${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$${)}^{2}$ field theory at large N. The Heisenberg of motion for this are compared Schr\"odinger equation a wave functional constrained be Gaussian state [the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) ansatz]. TDHF ansatz corresponds special choice initial conditions general large-N motion. renormalization is...

The trace anomaly of quantum fields in electromagnetic or gravitational backgrounds implies the existence massless scalar poles physical amplitudes involving stress-energy tensor. Considering first axial and using QED as an example, we compute full one-loop triangle amplitude fermionic stress tensor with two current vertices, $⟨{T}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}{J}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}{J}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}⟩$, exhibit pole this associated anomaly, limit zero electron mass...

The Euclidean or Bunch-Davies $O(4,1)$ invariant state for quantum fields in global de Sitter space is shown to be unstable small perturbations, even a massive free field with no self-interactions. There are perturbations of this energy density that arbitrarily at early times, exponentially blueshifted the contracting phase ``eternal'' space, and becomes large enough disturb classical geometry through semi-classical Einstein equations later times. In closely analogous case constant, uniform...

The constant density interior Schwarzschild solution for a static, spherically symmetric collapsed star has divergent pressure when its radius $R\le\frac{9}{8}R_s=\frac{9}{4}GM$. We show that this divergence is integrable, and induces non-isotropic transverse stress with finite redshifted surface tension on spherical of $R_0=3R\sqrt{1-\frac{8}{9}\frac{R}{R_s}}$. For $r < R_0$ the exhibits negative pressure. When $R=R_s$, localized at itself, $R_0=R_s$, $p =-\bar\rho$ everywhere in $r<R_s$,...