This research proposes a novel approach for the classification of plant leaf diseases by combining Support Vector Machines (SVM) with Dense Convolutional Neural Networks (DenseNets). Plant pose significant threat to agricultural productivity, making accurate and efficient disease crucial timely intervention. In this study, DenseNet architecture is employed automatically extract high-level features from images. These are then fed into SVM classifiers robust classification. The proposed hybrid...

Fast changing world has driven technology towards a milestone where emerging like quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) excels in terms of ultra-high packing density and extremely low power consumption. Quantum Cellular Automata several deduction methodologies Majority Voter, Universal QCA logic, FNZ logic & And-Or-Invert (AOI) none which explores universal NAND-NOR based design Boolean reduction techniques. This work proposes Layered T full adder with its basic primitive works on the basis...

Comparator is crucial block in Central Processing Unit especially the process of "Data Searching-Sorting" where huge amount data needs to be searched during Database Management operations. In this work, logic design 1-bit Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) comparator has been proposed using Layered-T AND and OR Gates. The layout 9.02% less effective area compared best reported so far. effect cell misplacements on thoroughly investigated. Moreover, other QCA metrics such as O-Cost, CostI are...

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) plays a pivotal role in the emerging field of Nano electronics as well digital finite state machine design arena. Several gates and their proposals exist this all which are recognized for own characteristics. Majority voter is one several schemes QCA. In paper, new gate termed T-gate proposed validated by thirteen standard functions two input multiplexer circuit reflects reduction effective area compared to realization same earlier methods. The can...

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a paradigm for low power, high speed computation technique in the field of nanoscience. Till today three types QCA structures are discussed among them magnetic and molecular operates at room temperature but metallic dot structure very around absolute zero degree Kelvin. In this paper we comprehended that if spacing between two consecutive cells reduced lower than 2nm then operating can be enhanced up to 12 Instead using only one majority gate have used...

The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) which is the most promising technology in paradigm of nano electronics has already been claimed to possess ultra-high packing density, high clocking speed and extremely low power dissipation. This work proposes a novel design fan-in exclusive-OR gate by using layered T Gate QCA. 'robustness analysis' also done focus advantage architecture generic sense considering defects synthesis 'three-literal standard functions' reports an average 29.31% less area...

The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) which is the most promising technology in paradigm of nano electronics has already been claimed to possess ultra-high packing density, high clocking speed and extremely low power dissipation. This work proposes a novel design fan-in exclusive-OR gate by using layered T Gate QCA. 'robustness analysis' also done focus advantage architecture generic sense considering defects synthesis 'three-literal standard functions' reports an average 29.31% less area...

Emerging technology proves its superiority through quantum dot cellular automata where confinements of electrons occur from all three dimensions. Effective area optimization in plays a pivotal role memory designing. In the design Read Only Memory(ROM), decoding section decides specific information will be stored. Optimal decoder segment signifies improved design. This paper introduces new 4 bit row/column ROM Designed shows 25.89% reduction effective than latest proposed by Rigui Zhou et al...

Aims: The Quantum-dot Cellular Automata explores a unique perspective in the arena of architectural design future quantum computers, precisely due to its ultra-low packing density, high operating speed, and low power dissipation. On other side, reversible computing allows implementation extreme power-consuming circuits by avoiding energy dissipation during time computation. Objective: In this paper, we have explored QCA binary gray code converters based on application model Feynman gate...

There is nowhere else in emerging technology, but Quantum-dot Cellular Automata, one can find high speed, low power operation, and packaging density, which deals with electrostatic interaction between electrons within a cell. Literature survey lacks hazards free design of QCA circuit. Hazards create ambiguous unpredictable output, be avoided. This work considers both hazards-free asynchronous sequential circuits; are compared terms kink energy, better has been proposed. The circuit...

The PIN diode is a promising device in the field of power electronics due to its lower reverse leakage current and capacitance. Power industry searches suitable semiconductors as conventional silicon saturates context impedance performances with specified configuration analysis diode. This paper considers different materials like Si, Ge, GaAs, SiC-3C, SiC-4H, SiC-6H, GaN-wZ, GaN-zB, InAs study variation intrinsic resistance, junction resistance total respect forward well these same...

Biometrics are beneficial to keep the information of a person secured in our daily life. The various biometrics like face recognition, iris vein lips patterns and finger prints have become robust features research world. Among all difference types biometrics, Iris Recognition is one great importance because it has extraordinary variation texture. A hypersensitive layer that regulates size pupil controls extent light enters eye. It different for unrelated persons, even identical twins left...

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) becomes a promising model of computation as it possesses extreme-high packing density, ultra-high speed and low power dissipation for various nanoscale computing architectures. In this work, QCA based designs Feynman, Toffoli, Fredkin Peres gates are presented. These elementary realized by utilizing layered T logic reduction technique. The evaluated in terms design metrics like the number quantum cells, area, delay. analysis shows significant improvements...

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) explores a novel paradigm to escape from the notion of traditional semiconductor transistor that has dominated processor design its inception. The realization Nano communication network by using QCA becomes promising in arena application, and such models networks are expected be more reliable terms error. Hamming code plays an important role error detection correction circuits. This work extends idea layered T (LT) gate develop algorithm model generic...

Quantum Cellular Automata now has several deduction methodologies none of which explores universal NAND/NOR based design in Boolean reduction techniques. As laws reveal the intuitive NAND and NOR reductions, higher cell requirement for majority function can be avoided if methodology is used. This work proposes Layered T Gate (LT Gate) works on basis logic. gate requires algorithms to implement digital designs especially standard functions are considered. also used 2×1 multiplexer as...

The atomistic quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) based implementations of the reversible circuits have got tremendous exposures in last few days, due to “room-temperature workability” QCA. researchers are serious need a methodology that can realize area-efficient QCA counterparts benchmark circuits. In this work, novel named majority-layered T hybridization is proposed synthesize using Firstly library consisting CNTS Gates been generated validate usability methodology. Then, an elementary...

The Parity Generators and checkers are crucial block in Central Processing Unit especially the process of Error Detection correction during data transmission. In this work, three-bit Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) even parity generator have been proposed using Layered T AND OR Gate. comparator layout needs 9.02% less effective area compared to best reported design so far. Moreover, other QCA metrics such as Effective Area, O-Cost, Cost <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Today the most interesting research topic in theoretical point of view is Residue Number System (RNS). Its significance originates from lack carry propagation between its arithmetic units. To implement any modular process, important step conversion a residue number system (RNS) to binary. In modern telecommunication and multimedia applications, use RNS increases day by due many advantages such as low power consumption, high speed, very precise etc. Usually translation output binary vital...

<title>Abstract</title> With the current technological growth, demand for lighting has increased in indoor as well outdoor application. To meet such huge expectations, Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are inclining towards energy-efficient illumination. However, useful life of commercially available LEDs is an important parameter. Gradually after passage time, depreciation lumen output observed. There several factors responsible degradation output. One reasons due to bulging encapsulating lens...