A novel control strategy is proposed for the autonomous vehicle equipped with front and rear independent steering systems to enhance capability of collision avoidance improve path tracking handling stability under critical maneuvers. The system includes a replanning controller, controller. controller designed generate collision-free trajectory by optimizing cost function. function can be updated quickly iteratively, according dynamic fitting matrix measurement signals. considering...

An optimized handling stability control strategy is put forward aiming at enhancing a four in-wheel independent-drive motors electric vehicle (4WIDEV) performance capable of and stability. The designed by hierarchical structure, which mainly includes motion controller torque distribution controller. Lateral controller, in-vehicle yields the generalized force yaw moment required vehicle, into two modes: an instability mode continuous mode, activated determining judgment based on phase...

State-of-charge (SOC) of battery is one the important evaluation indexes for management system (BMS) application and driving range estimation electric vehicles. However, acquiring accurate SOC information subject to indeterminacy initial value, as well uncertainties inconsistencies pack. To deal with those problems, a combined method based on auto-regressive long short-term memory network (ARLSTM) moving horizon (MHE) put forward. Through training two typical standard tests offline, ARLSTM...

Intriguing analogies were found between a model of plastic deformation in crystals and turbulence fluids. A study this provides remarkable explanations known experiments predicts fractal dislocation pattern formation. Further, the challenges encountered resemble those turbulence, which is exemplified comparison with Rayleigh-Taylor instability.

This study presents different control methods to approach motions for an electric vehicle driven by two rear hub-motors. Vehicle dynamics modeling with 11 degree-of-freedom is constructed. Accordingly, simulation model established in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simulation performed when PID controller, fuzzy-PID controller and no are used the respectively. results show that controllers can improve yaw rate body roll steering input applied model. The proposed helpful develop vehicles

A hybrid electric vehicle with battery pack and ultracapacitor is modeled because they are practicable to be energy storage units now. control strategy proposed regulate output power of units. Simulation model for the constructed in MATLAB/Simulink environment simulation performed. results show that effective performance satisfied.

In this paper, an optimal control allocation strategy is presented for eight in-wheel-motor independent drive electric vehicle/four double front wheel steering(8WD/4WS). The upper level controller consists of a speed following and two sliding mode controllers. tracking obtains the desired longitudinal force by speed. Two controllers obtain lateral yaw moment controlling sideslip angle error rate error, respectively. lower optimizes torque distribution using objective function calculated...

Traditional electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging pile power fixed, usually configured with a large number of DC-DC modules to meet peak charging demand in fixed topology connection, resulting high initial investment cost the station and low capacity utilization modules. At same time, be compatible multiple types EV charging, are required have wide range voltage current output capability, efficiency under light-load condition challenging parameter design. To this end, paper proposes an stack...

In this paper, the two degree of freedom reference model a multi axis independent driving vehicle is established to solve problem control and stability steering vehicle. The steady state response under step input four angle analyzed. Finally, simulation analysis carried out for mode based on zero side slip angle. results show correctness analysis. At same time, factors affecting was selected value also given.

This research paper provides a detailed evaluation of the business concepts in Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce). The concept E-Commerce defines exchange goods and services with monetary value between consumers companies. is web-based catalogue whereby buyers can possibly place order sellers accept payments. incorporates two forms business: Business-to-Business (B2B) Business-to-Consumer (B2C), which definition commerce transactions enterprises, such as wholesalers manufacturers or retailers....

The noise sources of 4-speed automated mechanical transmission a pure electric bus are identified and optimised. vehicle test under the acceleration condition is carried out. results show that 3rd-gear more prominent than others. radiation model established by using boundary element method revised condition. gear lead crown involute modifications pair selected as design variables based on response surface methodology (RSM). relationships between objective function established. Finally, RSM...

The shift strategy affects the vehicle dynamic performance, ride quality directly. On basis of control analysis for traditional ICE vehicle, throttle, speed and acceleration were chosen as parameters to determine strategy. determined three-parameter was simulated in CRUISE software environment. evaluated by two criteria. simulation results show that design can effectively improve performance shifting comfort.

Control Allocation based on all wheel control in the Dynamic of an eight in-wheel motor drive vehicle is studied this paper which adopts hierarchical strategy and wheels are controllable(AWC), including upper level controller lower controller. The calculates target force (yaw moment) according to motion states. And undertakes distribution each tire accordingly. Furthermore, system proposed integrates active steering with direct yaw moment strategy. Through driver-in-loop simulation under...