Production capacity has always been one of the most important strategic variables for major automobile companies. Decisions by individual companies concerning overall level capacity, type facility (e.g., flexibility), and location that in United States or abroad) are discussed great detail popular business press. In this paper, we describe a model developed General Motors to aid making decisions about four their auto lines. The incorporates elements scenario planning, integer programming,...

Mixed-integer programming models are typically not used to solve realistic-sized production scheduling problems because they require exorbitant solution times. We impose a useful taxonomy on and develop alternative formulations for wide variety of within the taxonomy. The linear relaxation new is very effective in generating bounds. show that these bounds equal those could be generated using Lagrangian or column generation. increase effectiveness as become larger. Perhaps greatest...

Bundle pricing is a widespread phenomenon. However, despite its importance as tool, surprisingly little known about how to find optimal bundle prices. Most discussions in the literature are restricted only two components, and even this case no algorithm given for setting Here we show that single firm problem naturally viewed disjunctive program which formulated mixed integer linear program. Multiple variety of cost reservation price conditions investigated with approach. Several new economic...

This letter exploits the cyclic prefix to create a blind adaptive globally convergent channel-shortening algorithm, with complexity like least mean squares. The cost function is related that of shortening signal-to-noise solution Melsa et al. (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.44, p.1662-72, Dec. 1996), and simulations are provided demonstrate performance algorithm.

This paper studies a class of algorithms called natural gradient (NG) algorithms. The least mean square (LMS) algorithm is derived within the NG framework, and family LMS variants that exploit sparsity derived. procedure repeated for other families, such as constant modulus (CMA) decision-directed (DD) LMS. Mean squared error analysis, stability convergence analysis sparse are provided, it shown if system sparse, then new will converge faster given total asymptotic MSE. Simulations provided...

To ease equalization in a multicarrier system, cyclic prefix (CP) is typically inserted between successive symbols. When the channel order exceeds CP length, can be accomplished via time-domain equalizer (TEQ), which finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The TEQ placed cascade with to produce an effective shortened response. Alternatively, bank of equalizers remove interference tone-by-tone. This paper presents unified treatment designs for receivers, emphasis on discrete multitone systems....

We propose a new blind, adaptive channel shortening algorithm for updating the coefficients of time-domain equalizer in system employing multicarrier modulation. The technique attempts to minimize sum-squared auto-correlation terms effective impulse response outside window desired length. proposed algorithm, known as "sum-squared minimization" (SAM), requires source sequence be zero-mean, white, and wide-sense stationary, it is implemented stochastic gradient descent algorithm. Simulation...

Dropping the “complicating” constraints in a mixed-integer linear program often yields “special structure subproblem” that can be reformulated using different set of decision variables. Once new variables have been identified, entire problem terms We develop theory variable redefinition based on relating two sets by transformation, and describe methods for reformulating special problem. The models more accurate relaxation than problems from which they were derived, an important property...

Many interesting combinatorial problems can be optimized efficiently using recursive computations often termed discrete dynamic programming. In this paper, we develop a paradigm for general class of such optimizations that yields polyhedral description each model in the class. The elementary concept programs as shortest path acyclic graphs is generalized to one seeking least cost solution directed hypergraph. Sufficient conditions are then provided binary integrality associated hyperflow...

Most existing work on dynamic spectrum access deals with creating a spectral and temporal map of white space, then filling it. The can be better utilized by increasing the spatial awareness secondary users to include knowledge locations all primary users, as well orientations parameters their directional or omni-directional antennas. This paper derives maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm, an approximate ML associated performance bounds for jointly estimating transmitter's position,...

Radio tomographic imaging (RTI) has recently been proposed for tracking object location via radio waves without requiring the objects to transmit or receive signals. The position is extracted by inferring which voxels are obstructing a subset of links in dense wireless sensor network. This paper proposes variety modeling and algorithmic improvements RTI scenario roadside surveillance. These include use more physically motivated weight matrix, method mitigating negative (aphysical) data due...

Skin detection is a well-studied area in color imagery and useful number of scenarios to include search rescue computer vision. Most approaches focus on due cost availability. Many the visible-based do well at detecting skin (above 90%) but they tend have relatively high false-alarm rates (8%-15%). This article presents novel feature space for visible near infrared portions electromagnetic spectrum. The features are derived from known spectral absorption constituents hemoglobin, melanin,...

A homogeneous population of 42 women with idiopathic scoliosis (mean age, 20.8 years and mean major thoracic curve 58.2°) had a complete pulmonary function test (PFT) at rest before, minimum 3 after, spinal fusion (mean, 7.7 years) to evaluate the effect its surgical correction on PFT rest. multifactorial analysis showed that only vital capacity (VC) was significantly lowered 81% predicted value (P < 0.05). All other parameters volumes, flow, gas exchanges, where corrected for loss lung...

Twenty adult stutterers were exposed to each of five experimental treatments: time-out, noise, delayed auditory feedback (DAF), “wrong” and metronome. In session a subject spoke for 20 minutes without treatment (baserate) followed by 30 in one the conditions. Before sessions, subjects accomplished three pre-experimental tasks: expectancy, changeability, adaptation tasks. Percent stuttering decreased significantly all conditions, duration reduced but noise condition. The amount reduction...

Source localization, the problem of determining physical location an acoustic or wireless emitter, is commonly encountered in sensor networks which are attempting to locate and track emitter. Similarly, navigation systems that do not rely on global positioning system (GPS), ldquosignals opportunityrdquo (existing infrastructure) can be used as ad hoc beacons, goal determine their relative a receiver thus deduce receiver's position. These two research problems have very similar mathematical...

This article discusses the creation of adaptive algorithms for channel shortening, with particular attention to blind algorithms. The context is multicarrier modulation, through other applications shortening are discussed. It shown that used equalization not easily applied shortening. In a return first principles, property restoral design philosophy put forth and several recent property-restoral-based approaches reviewed. authors conclude discussion limitations current list open problems in area

Channel shortening is often employed as a means of mitigating intersymbol and intercarrier interference (ISI ICI) in systems using multicarrier modulation. The Multicarrier Equalization by Restoration RedundancY (MERRY) algorithm has previously been shown to blindly adaptively shorten channel the length guard interval system. This paper addresses synchronization complexity reduction issues that were not dealt with previous work provides extensions generalizations MERRY algorithm. A...

There are many situations in which global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) such as the positioning system (GPS) cannot provide adequate performance (such indoors or urban canyons). This paper describes technical challenges of non-GNSS radio frequency navigation, with particular emphasis on signals opportunity (i.e., that intended for purposes other than navigation). Advantages and disadvantages signal described, along dominant issues must be dealt order to make a practical reality.

The Near Term Digital Radio (NTDR) system is an Army open architecture networked data radio serving as a backbone for platoon to brigade that utilizes commercial modules and standard bus. NTDR employs two-tier hierarchical network concept designed increase capacity reduce multiple access interference relay delays. This paper presents overview of the development from market surveys conducted by Communications Electronics Command (CECOM) contract being managed Tactical Systems Program Manager...

Localization via received signal strength (RSS) is often employed in cases where the fairly weak, either due to distance or deliberate covert operation interference avoidance. However, most research on source localization RSS implicitly assumes that background noise negligible, and parameters of transmitter environment are known. Many commercial chipsets provide per-frame measurements obtained when demodulating signal, which do not include noise; however, can still cause outages. In law...

We describe a method for generating cuts mixed-integer 0/1 programs. These are designed to tighten an integer program prior applying linear programming based branch and bound algorithms. The involves two basic ideas: subset selection coefficient reduction. Coefficient reduction is process of reducing the coefficients variables. Subset combined with by variables from constraints in problem formulation. paper exploits these simple ideas derive broad class programs both continuous It also...

Several high-speed communication standards modulate encoded data on multiple-carrier frequencies using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The real part of quantized inverse FFT samples form a symbol. symbol is periodically extended by prepending copy its last few samples, also known as cyclic prefix. When prefix longer than channel order, amplitude and phase distortion can be equalized entirely in frequency domain. In receiver, prior to FFT, time-domain equalizer, finite-impulse response...