The effects of an electrostatic precipitator and a flue gas condenser on size resolved fly ash particle concentration composition were studied in 6 MW biomass combustion unit, fired with moist forest residue. boiler was moving grate type. particles sampled upstream downstream the condenser, respectively. Fine number distributions measured using electric mobility spectrometer (SMPS) coarse time-of-flight instrument (APS). mass multi-jet low pressure cascade impactor (DLPI). For chemical...

The emissions of particles, and gaseous compounds, into the ambient air from biomass-fired moving grate boilers were characterized under different boiler operation conditions. had a thermal capacity ∼1 MW. flue gas cleaning systems consisted multicyclones for removal coarse particles. Dry wood fuel that shavings, chips, sawdust local industry pellets fired at two plants. influence load on was characterized. An electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) used to determine particle number...

This study focuses on the hygroscopic properties of submicrometer aerosol particles emitted from two small-scale district heating combustion plants (1 and 1.5 MW) burning types biomass fuels (moist forest residue pellets). The particle diameter growth factor (Gf) was measured when taken a dehydrated to humidified state for diameters between 30–350 nm (dry size) using Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA). Particles certain dry size all showed similar Gf at RH = 90%...

Product gas obtained through biomass gasification can be upgraded to hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. The further converted liquid or gaseous fuels. However, the raw product contains both gas- and particle-phase impurities that negatively affect catalysts hot-gas filters used for upgrading cleaning. present study aimed characterize, physically chemically, aerosol particles formed during steam- oxygen-blown of wood pellets in an atmospheric 20 kW bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier. from...

The objective of this study was to design and experimentally examine a sampling method for high-temperature aerosols from biomass combustion, in which nucleation condensation fly ash forming vapors is controlled. includes probe the hot gas diluted then cooled. Laboratory results model aerosol with known concentrations SiO2 particles KCl vapor showed that when using high dilution ratio, effectively separated by deposition onto walls. When lower ratio used, generated distinct mode cooled...

This study suggests a different route for the modification of flat/float glass surfaces; i.e. exchange ionic species originatingfrom in-line vapour deposition salt as compared to conventional immersing in molten saltbath. The aim this work is develop more flexible and, eventually, rapid process improving mechanicalstrength flat by introducing external material into surface. We discuss how chemical strengthening can beperformed through application potassium chloride on surface deposition, and...

This study characterized the particulate matter (PM) formed during indirect steam bubbling fluidized bed gasification of wood pellets at atmospheric pressure. A system including a dilution probe, granular activated carbon, and thermodenuder was used to sample PM high temperature with aim separating it from condensing inorganic vapors tars. The particle mass size distribution bimodal fine mode in <0.5-μm range dominating coarse >0.5-μm range. representatively characterized, but tars...

This study investigates the conversion of benzene in a packed bed containing fine char particles. Benzene and steam were simultaneously supplied to tubular ceramic reactor that was heated electrically. Fragmented particles suspended continuously via separate supply line. A crushed alumina balls positioned retain The hot investigated by varying temperature (900–1100 °C), concentration (0–27 vol %), (5–50 g Nm–3). highest conversions achieved experiments approximately 75%. At comparable...

Particulate and gaseous emissions were studied in a 7 MW moving-grate boiler fired with moist sawmill residues together varying admixtures of elementary sulfur. The particle number concentration decreased by approximately 25% the sub-micrometer mass increased 100% as 0.17% (by mass, dry substance) sulfur was added to fuel. Sulfur addition also resulted shift towards larger mean diameters. Elementary analysis indicated that amount particle-bound significantly addition, probably favoring...

In this study, a novel aerosol-based method has been further developed and applied for online investigation of steam gasification kinetics suspended biomass char particles. When the aerosol is combined with thermogravimetric analysis, were established in (33 vol %)–N2 atmosphere from 800 to 1300 °C samples produced pelletized wood, straw, miscanthus. The includes steps generating, suspending, gasifying conversion particles was by measuring change particle size distributions mass...

In this study, a method for sampling particles and inorganic vapors in hot flue gases was examined laboratory studies then applied field measurements. The included dilution probe, where the ratio can be controlled. results indicated that flow rates ratios optimized to produce two distinct particle modes size distribution: one from original condensing vapors. measurements were performed moving grate biomass boiler, probe used at positions, 800 1100 °C. distributions size-resolved elemental...

The thermochemical conversion of biomass produces compounds in both gas and particle phases that may be regarded as contaminants. These contaminants include particulate matter (e.g., fly ash, soot, fragmented nonvolatilized material) volatilized metals tars condense form during cooling. In this study a method for high-temperature sampling tar-rich gases from the was developed tested. Both bed granular activated carbon denuder were used tar adsorption. First, transport efficiency particles...