Using high-quality hourly observations from national-level ground-based stations, the satellite-based rainfall products both Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and its predecessor, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Analysis (TMPA), are statistically evaluated over Tibetan Plateau (TP), with an emphasis on diurnal variation. The results indicate that: (1) half-hourly IMERG product can explicitly describe...

Abstract This study demonstrates the added benefits of assimilating Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) radiances in Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) system to forecasts four Atlantic hurricane cases that made landfall 2012. In National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation system, HWRF model top is raised ~0.5 hPa cold start embedded changed a warm start. The ATMS quality control (QC) procedure examined...

Abstract The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagers provide high temporal- and spatial-resolution data for many applications, such as monitoring severe weather events. In this study, radiance observations of four infrared channels from GOES-13 GOES-15 are directly assimilated using the National Centers Prediction (NCEP) gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis system to produce initial conditions Hurricane Weather Research Forecasting Model (HWRF). Impacts...

Soil moisture is a key factor affecting the exchange of heat and water between land atmosphere. Land data assimilation (LDA) methods that leverage strengths both models observations can generate more accurate initial conditions. However, soil exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity, implying strong local characteristics for observational background errors. To elucidate impact error localization on LDA, we constructed system (LDAS) suitable Common Model (CoLM), based simplified extended...

How to prevent the influence of precipitation’s localized and sudden characteristics is most formidable challenge in quality control (QC) precipitation observations. However, with sufficiently high spatiotemporal resolution observational data, nuanced information can aid us accurately distinguishing between intense, events, anomalies data. China has deployed over 70,000 automatic weather stations (AWSs) that provide surface meteorological This study developed a new method for performing QC...

Abstract The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager provides observations that are of high spatial and temporal resolution can be applied for effectively monitoring nowcasting severe weather events. In this study, improved quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) three coastal storms over the northern Gulf Mexico East Coast is demonstrated by assimilating GOES-11 GOES-12 radiances into Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model. Both National Centers Prediction...

Abstract The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) provide high-resolution, temporally continuous imager radiance data over the West Coast (GOES-West currently known as GOES-11) and East (GOES-East GOES-12) of United States. Through a real case study, benefits adding GOES-11/12 radiances to satellite streams in NWP systems for improved coastal precipitation forecasts are examined. Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) is employed GOES simulations National Centers...

The MicroWave Radiation Imager (MWRI) onboard the FengYun (FY)-3B satellite has five frequencies at 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, and 89.0 GHz, each having dual channels vertical horizontal polarization states, respectively. It is found that radio-frequency interference (RFI) present in MWRI data over land. RFI signals are, general, detectable from a spectral difference method principal component analysis (PCA) method. In particular, PCA applied to derive natural radiations by using...

Abstract Satellite microwave humidity sounding data are assimilated through the gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis system into Advanced Research core of Weather and Forecasting (WRF) model (ARW) for a coastal precipitation event. A detailed shows that uses Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) from both NOAA-18 MetOp-A results in GSI degraded threat scores 24-h forecast. The root cause this degradation is related to MHS quality control algorithm, which supposed remove cloudy...

Abstract The differences between brightness temperature observations and simulated based on numerical weather predictions, i.e., O‐B, for Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) sounding channels exhibit a clear striping pattern [ Bormann et al ., 2013]. We propose to first use the principal component analysis isolate scan‐dependent features such as cross‐track from atmospheric signal then an Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) extract noise in ATMS Earth scene both water vapor...

Since the launch of NOAA ‐15 satellite in 1998, observations from microwave temperature and humidity sounders have been routinely disseminated to user communities through two separate data streams. In Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐A ( AMSU‐A ) stream, brightness temperatures 15 channels are available primarily for profiling atmospheric Earth's surface low stratosphere. Unit‐B AMSU‐B or Humidity Sounder MHS five included sounding water vapour troposphere. Assimilation radiance numerical...

The FY-3E satellite was successfully launched on 5 July 2021 and carries board the Microwave Temperature Sounder-III (MWTS-III). In this study, biases of MWTS-III data with respect to simulations are analyzed according instrument field view location latitude over Pacific region. cloud liquid water path (CLWP) oceans is retrieved from two new window channels at 23.8 31.4 GHz used for detecting clouds-affected microwave sounding data. absolute bias between observed simulated brightness...

On 5 July 2021, China launched the world’s first early morning orbit meteorological satellite, which was equipped with China’s newest-generation microwave instrument, Microwave Temperature Sounder-3 (MWTS-3). MWTS-3 has 17 detection channels, can detect temperature profiles from near ground to approximately 2 hPa. However, similar instruments in other countries, may also suffer striping noise. In this paper, a principal component analysis (PCA) is combined ensemble empirical mode...

Abstract. With the development of refined numerical forecasts, problems such as score distortion due to division precipitation thresholds in both traditional and improved scoring methods for forecasts increasing subjective risk arising from scale setting neighborhood spatial verification method have become increasingly prominent. To address these issues, a general comprehensive evaluation (GCEM) is developed cross-scale by directly analyzing proximity observations this study. In addition...

The launch of the Japanese Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) on 7 October 2014 represents a new era geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) imagers, providing many more channels than any previously launched GOES imagers for first time. In this study, we compare impacts assimilating all AHI versus GOES-like infrared radiances regional forecasts over Eastern China. National Centers Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system and...

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau is a sensitive area of global climate change, where few conventional observations exist. Satellite AMSU-A microwave temperature sounding brightness (TB) are located in the absorption band oxygen, which well mixed atmosphere, and have frequencies varying from 50.3 to 57.6 GHz. Therefore, TB at different channels reflect atmospheric temperatures altitudes. In this study, during 1998–2020 five polar-orbiting environmental meteorological satellites (POESs) employed...

MicroWave Humidity Sounder (MWHS) onboard both Fengyun-3A (FY-3A) and FY-3B satellites have three channels (channels 3-5) near the 183-GHz water-vapor absorption line. These channel frequencies are also used in other instruments such as Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) (MHS) MetOp NOAA satellites. Both MWHS MHS cross-track scanners. In this paper, a comparison between simulated brightness temperatures with measurements clearly shows that observations from sounding contain...

This paper describes a new quality control (QC) scheme for microwave humidity sounder (MHS) data assimilation. It consists of cloud detection step and an O–B (i.e., differences brightness temperatures between observations model simulations) check. Over ocean, can be carried out based on two MHS window channels Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) channels, which used obtaining ice water path (IWP) liquid (LWP), respectively. land, becomes much more challenging due to larger emission...

A new Chinese satellite, FY-3C, carrying second-generation microwave sounding instruments, was introduced and the observations were evaluated. On board FY-3C are Microwave Temperature Sounder −2 (MWTS-2) Humidity Sounder−2 (MWHS-2), these devices more advanced than those on previous satellites, FY-3A/B; spectral spatial resolutions of also higher Advanced Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) (MHS). The 50–60 GHz 183 abilities similar to Technology (ATMS) Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP)....

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the atmospheric conditions over it strongly affect downstream regional weather. Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) brightness temperature observations provide sounding information have long been successfully assimilated for numerical weather prediction. AMSU-A temperatures observed from polar-orbiting NOAA-15 18 satellites during July August 2016 were collected. During these months, equator crossing time of particular was approximately 0600 local time....