Abstract The study of historical great geomagnetic storms is crucial for assessing the possible risks to technological infrastructure a modern society, caused by extreme space–weather events. normal benchmark has been storm 1859 September, so-called “Carrington Event.” However, there are numerous records another in 1872 February. This storm, which occurred about 12 years after Carrington Event, resulted comparable magnetic disturbances and auroral displays over large areas Earth. We have...

The Carrington storm (September 1/2, 1859) is one of the largest magnetic storms ever observed and it has caused global auroral displays in low-latitude areas, together with a series multiple during August 28 September 4, 1859. In this study, we revisit contemporary observation records to extract information on their elevation angle, color, direction investigate stormy interval detail. We first examine equatorward boundary "auroral emission colors" based descriptions angle color. find that...

Deep learning has been applied to various tasks in the field of machine and shown superiority other common procedures such as kernel methods. To provide a better theoretical understanding reasons for its success, we discuss performance deep methods on nonparametric regression problem with Gaussian noise. Whereas existing studies have based mainly mathematical theories well-known function classes H\"{o}lder Besov classes, focus discontinuity sparsity, which are those naturally assumed...

A multi-channel front-end readout IC is developed for position sensitive solid-state detectors. It called RENA-3. has 36 low noise channels. Each channel externally selectable input polarity. The inputs are optimized 2 or 9 pF detector capacitance, which selectable. also dual energy range, 56K and 338K electrons (250 keV 1.5 Mev CZT, respectively). fast trigger output provided applications that require timing. novel circuit produces arrival time difference measurement each channel. to serve...

The heat transfer of the inversely stratified molten corium in lower vessel, which was experimentally demonstrated MASCA project, analyzed. For oxide layer, turbulent models k-ε and large eddy simulation were examined through CEA BALI test analysis, Mason-Derbyshire Smagorinsky simulation, anisotropic buoyancy effect, selected. A melt-solidification model incorporated for metal layer analysis since our preliminary shows that vessel boundary change due to its melting is important. An under an...

For a $d$-dimensional random vector $X$, let $p_{n, X}(\theta)$ be the probability that convex hull of $n$ independent copies $X$ contains given point $\theta$. We provide several sharp inequalities regarding and $N_X(\theta)$ denoting smallest for which X}(\theta)\ge1/2$. As main result, we derive totally general inequality $1/2 \le \alpha_X(\theta)N_X(\theta)\le 3d + 1$, where $\alpha_X(\theta)$ (a.k.a. Tukey depth) is minimum in fixed closed halfspace containing also show applications our...

We have developed an X-ray image scanning detector system named NEXIS/sup TM/ with multi-energy capability that represents significant improvements over a previous version for automated baggage screening. The is built around 1 mm pitch CZT pixel array and new 32-channel signal processor chip called the XENA/sup IC XENA together enable detection at photon fluxes exceeding one million events per second channel, up to five energy levels medium resolution. In NEXIS system, detectors are abutted...

This paper describes the current status of flow-induced vibration evaluation methodology development for primary cooling pipes in Japan sodium-cooled fast reactor (JSFR), with particular emphasis on recent research and activities that investigate unsteady elbow pipe flow. Experimental efforts have been made using 1/3-scale 1/10-scale single-elbow test sections hot-leg pipe. The 1/10- scale experiment simulating indicated no effect comparison 1/3- under inlet-rectified-flow conditions. next...

Aims . Historical records provide evidence of extreme magnetic storms with equatorward auroral extensions before the epoch systematic observations. One significant storm occurred on February 15, 1730. We scale this extension and contextualise it based contemporary solar activity. Methods examined historical in East Asia computed latitude (MLAT) observational sites to storms. also compared them Southern Europe. sunspot observations reconstruct detailed activity between 1729 1731. Results show...

Abstract In numerical integration, cubature methods are effective, especially when the integrands can be well-approximated by known test functions, such as polynomials. However, construction of formulas has not generally been known, and existing examples only represent particular domains integrands, hypercubes spheres. this study, we show that constructed for probability measures provided have an i.i.d. sampler from measure mean values given functions. Moreover, proposed method also works a...

Multiple-site interactions initiated by Compton scattering are the primary interaction processes of gamma-rays in CZT /spl sim/0.2 - several MeV range. Thus, exploiting as directional and spectral diagnostic probes requires detectors with 3-D resolution that resolve measure individual site's locations energies. Desirable capabilities for telescopes appear to be a spatial sim/1 mm an energy percent. Such also important coded mask imagers above 250 keV, where can greatly improve identification...

The RENA-3 (R Readout E eadout Electronics for N lectronics Nuclear A uclear Applications) is a multi-channel mixed-signal integrated circuit (IC) developed the readout of position-sensitive solid-state detectors with excellent energy resolution. We will present results experiments characterizing its performance as used variety spectroscopy-grade currently available in industry, notably CZT pixel arrays well other detector configurations. merits specific design features vis-à-vis different...

The RENA-3 (Readout Electronics for Nuclear Applications) is a 36-channel self-resetting, charge sensitive amplifier/shaper IC with trigger output, wide energy range and sparse readout designed use position-sensitive, spectroscopy-grade radiation detectors. It has in recent years been favored to provide the front-end electronics prototype instruments various applications — from space physics research through medical imaging homeland security that employ CZT or CdTe form of planar sensor...

A new mixed signal integrated circuit (IC) for front-end readout electronics of position sensitive solid state detectors has been developed. It is called RENA-2 and can be used such as CdTe, CdZnTe, Ge, GaAs, HgI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , PbI Se Si strip, pad pixel detectors, with large numbers channels. designed to have very low noise and, therefore, high energy resolution. numerous possible applications in...

Introducing a turbulent flow fully developed in straight parallel-plate channel into two-dimensional curved with radius ratio of 0.92, measurements were made the entrance section on time-mean velocity, nonzero components kinematic stress and other one-point multiple velocity correlations. No significant steady Taylor-Gortler vortices are found field is completely throughout entire region section. When arranged wall variables, distributions vicinity close to walls slightly affected by...

In this paper, we investigate application of mathematical optimization to construction a cubature formula on Wiener space, which is weak approximation method stochastic differential equations introduced by Lyons and Victoir (Cubature Space, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 460, 169--198). After giving brief review the theory show that general dimension degree can be obtained through Monte Carlo sampling linear programming. This paper also includes an extension Tchakaloff's theorem, technically yields...

New two-dimensional (2D) position sensitive solid state pixel detectors with dedicated multi-channel mixed-signal front-end readout integrated circuits (ICs) have been developed for x-ray and gamma ray imaging. These were designed to be versatile accommodate many types of position-sensitive solid-state sensors. 2D are address the needs a wide range photon counting applications high energy resolution imaging, spatial fast simultaneous multiple binning capability. The first family these is...

We study kernel quadrature rules with convex weights. Our approach combines the spectral properties of recombination results about point measures. This in effective algorithms that construct using only access to i.i.d. samples from underlying measure and evaluation result a small worst-case error. In addition our theoretical benefits resulting weights, experiments indicate this construction can compete optimal bounds well-known examples.

The heat transfer of the inversely stratified molten corium in lower vessel, which was experimentally demonstrated MASCA project, analyzed. For oxide layer, turbulent models k-ε and large eddy simulation were examined through CEA BALI test analysis, Mason-Derbyshire Smagorinsky simulation, anisotropic buoyancy effect, selected. A melt-solidification model incorporated for metal layer analysis since our preliminary shows that vessel boundary change due to its melting is important. An under an...

We investigate the approximation formulas that were proposed by Tanaka & Sugihara (2019), in weighted Hardy spaces, which are analytic function spaces with certain asymptotic decay. Under criterion of minimum worst error $n$-point formulas, we demonstrate nearly optimal. also obtain upper bounds errors coincide existing heuristic order duality theorem for minimization problem potential energy.

We have developed high energy and spatial resolution 1D 2D solid state imaging detectors their custom integrated circuits (ICs). Readout ICs are now regarded to be an integral part of position-sensitive semiconductor detectors, especially for Si CdZnTe x-ray gamma-ray imaging. These a or structure. The structure types mostly used scanning purposes with some staring type while pixel can both mode applications. Because the requirements various detector applications tend diverse, IC is...

A new mixed signal front-end readout electronics integrated circuit (IC) called HILDA (Hyperspectral Imaging with Large Detector Arrays) has been developed for two-dimensional CdZnTe (CZT) pixel detector arrays. The CZT array is directly bonded on top of the IC. and HILDA-IC have matching geometric pixel/channel structure dimensions, a 16times16 0.5 mm times pitch. They are mounted together using flip-chip bump bonding. IC designed high-rate photon counting independently each channel/pixel...

We have been developing custom multi channel mixed signal readout integrated circuits (ICs) for advanced position sensitive solid-state radiation detector arrays applications ranging from X-ray astronomy and medical imaging to security industrial inspection. Readout ICs are an integral part of position-sensitive semiconductor detectors X-ray, gamma-ray charged particle imaging. Different require IC, which is typically designed a specific array. Therefore, it important develop generic meet...

The results of the statistics analysis for energy consumption rate in department stores are described. Different from previous studies, influence factors amount such as building district, completion year, variation refrigeration equipment and heating equipment, effective HVAC area sources were considered on 106 samples. regression equation predicted with dependent variables sources, area, installation gas-fired-boiler was obtained. samples grouped into typical 7 classes according to average...