To examine applicability of Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory to facework in a non-Western culture, we conducted questionnaire survey native Japanese speakers. A rank order influences on behavior was investigated among the five factors: (a) intrinsic factor (R i ; that is, effects caused by difference settings), (b) contextual c types interlocutor’s contradictory attitudes), (c) power (P; age with interlocutor), (d) distance (D; familiarity (e) gender (G; whether participant is male or...

Theories of language production generally describe the segment as basic unit in phonological encoding (e.g., Dell, 1988; Levelt, Roelofs, & Meyer, 1999). However, there is also evidence that such a might be specific. Chen, and Dell (2002), for instance, found no effect single segments when using preparation paradigm. To shed more light on functional Japanese, often described being mora based, we report results 4 experiments word reading tasks masked priming. Experiment 1 demonstrated...

The processing load of sentences with three different word orders (VOS, VSO, and SVO) in Kaqchikel Maya was investigated using a sentence-plausibility judgment task. results showed that VOS were processed faster than VSO SVO sentences. This supports the traditional analysis Mayan linguistics syntactically determined basic order is Kaqchikel, as many other languages. More importantly, result revealed preference for subject-object sentence comprehension observed previous studies may not be...

This article reports the psychometric properties of two emotional intelligence measures translated into Japanese. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine structure a Japanese version Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) completed by 310 university students. A second study employed CFA Schutte (SEIS) 200 students drawn from first study. four-factor model replicated for both WLEIS SEIS. Structural equation modeling indicated that higher SEIS scores were related...

An essential step to create phonology according the language production model by Levelt, Roelofs and Meyer is assemble phonemes into a metrical frame. However, recently, it has been proposed that different languages may rely on grain sizes of phonological units construct phonology. For instance, that, instead phonemes, Mandarin Chinese uses syllables Japanese moras fill In this study, we used masked priming-naming task investigate how bilinguals their for each when two differ in size. Highly...

This study explored sentence processing in two typologically distinct languages: Korean, a verb-final language, and Tongan, verb-initial language. The first experiment revealed that sentences arranged the scrambled OSV (Object, Subject, Verb) order were processed more slowly than those canonical SOV order, highlighting scrambling effect. It also found with subject topicalization as swiftly form, whereas object speeds accuracy comparable to sentences. However, since Korean use same...

This study reports the factor structure of a Korean version 16-item Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) for sample 161 university students. Confirmatory analysis supported four-factor model WLEIS: (1) self-emotional appraisal, (2) others’ emotional (3) use emotion, (4) regulation emotion. However, improvement fit after removing three items suggests need future research on cross-cultural measurement invariance WLEIS.

Abstract Using a questionnaire comprising voiced-or-voiceless choices by native Japanese speakers, the present study investigated influence of phonological-length and etymological-type first elements on sequential voicing or rendaku initial consonant CVCVCV-structured Wago-like nonwords /hukari/ /hasuri/. Experiment 1 revealed an overall trend where determination (i.e., power) from one mora to three morae was observed have descending order strength. After controlling for printed-frequency,...

Abstract Recent research has put forward the idea that C hinese speech production is governed by syllable as fundamental phonological unit. However, it may be onset priming might more difficult to obtain in M andarin hinese. Therefore, this study, degree of overlap between prime and target was increased from CV (i.e., extending beyond phoneme) well whether primes targets had an overlapping structure ( vs. CVN ). Subsyllabic effects were found + vowel but not purely overlap), contrasting with...

Because the Japanese phonetic script (i.e., kana) represents moraic units, it is often claimed that people assemble phonology at unit. Two experiments were conducted to investigate unit for naming visually presented stimuli, focusing on special nasals /N/, geminates /Q/, long vowels /R/, and dual /J/. The sounds create two morae when there only one syllable. Experiments 1 2 compared production of three-mora, three-syllable two-syllable real, nonsense words. findings indicated native speakers...

The question of whether the subject stays in its thematic position within VP or moves to Spec, TP is difficult answer with respect free word order languages such as Japanese because surface constituent orders these do not necessarily provide sufficient information determine syntactic positions. In this article, we present psycholinguistic evidence for theoretical hypothesis that, Japanese, must move sentences subject-objectverb order, but may stay object-subject-verb order.

In both written and spoken forms, the Sinhalese language allows all six possible word orders for active sentences with transitive verbs (i.e., SOV, OSV, SVO, OVS, VSO, VOS), even though its unmarked order is subject-object-verb (SOV) (e.g., Gair, 1998; Miyagishi, 2003; Yamamoto, 2003). Reaction times sentence correctness decisions showed SOV TP S [ VP O V] ] forms. Second, alternation at same structural level involved in SVO t1 V O1] S1 resulting a slower reaction speed than SOV. Third,...

The two factors of ‘gender-identity’ (whether the speaker is male or female) and ‘gender-congruence’ not gender listener same) can be assumed to act differently in determining levels politeness. To investigate this assumption, present study was designed analyze university student politeness Japan South Korea when they (i.e., speakers) asked various people listeners) purchase a concert ticket. A decision tree analysis revealed hierarchies predictive specific young Japanese Koreans. Among...

The present study investigated the existence of a Japanese mental syllabary and units stored therein for speech production. Experiment 1 compared naming latencies between high low initial mora frequencies using CVCVCV nonwords, indicating that nonwords with frequency were named faster than those mora. Experiments 2 3 clarified possibility CV light CVN/CVR heavy syllables as being implicated in CVNCV CVRCV displayed shorter lower error rates their baseline (same bi-mora frequencies)...

English words with an inconsistent grapheme-to-phoneme conversion or more than one pronunciation (“homographic heterophones”; e.g., “lead”–/l∊d/, /lid/) are read aloud slowly matched controls, presumably due to competition processes. In Japanese kanji, the majority of characters have multiple readings for same orthographic unit: native reading (KUN) and derived Chinese (ON). This leads question whether these also shows processing costs. Studies examining this issue provided mixed evidence....