Abstract Drought is a complex and highly destructive natural phenomenon that affects portions of the United States almost every year, severe water deficiencies can often become catastrophic for agricultural production. Evapotranspiration ( ET ) by crops an important component in budget; thus, it advantageous to include drought monitoring. The main objectives this study were (1) conduct literature review indices with focus identify simple but simultaneously adequate index monitoring semiarid...

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component in the water budget and used extensively resources management such as planning irrigation scheduling. In semi-arid regions, to supplement limited erratic growing season rainfall meet crop demand. Although lysimetery considered most accurate method for use measurements, high-precision weighing lysimeters are expensive build operate. Alternatively, other measurement systems eddy covariance (EC) being estimate use. However, due numerous explicit...

A new agricultural drought index was developed for monitoring impacts on agriculture in Oklahoma. This index, called the Soil Moisture Evapotranspiration Index (SMEI), estimates departure of aggregated root zone moisture from reference evapotranspiration. The SMEI estimated at five locations across Oklahoma representing different climates. results showed good agreement with existing soil moisture-based (SM) and meteorological indices. In addition, had improved performance compared to other...

Accurate estimates of actual crop evapotranspiration (ET) are important for optimal irrigation water management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Common ET sensing methods include Bowen Ratio, Eddy Covariance (EC), scintillometers. Large weighing lysimeters considered the ultimate standard measurement ET, however, they expensive to install maintain. Although EC scintillometers less costly relatively portable, has known energy balance closure discrepancies. Previous scintillometer...

Abstract Surface energy imbalance problems have been underexplored especially under advective environments. Here, we present a novel analysis of surface fluxes from three distinct approaches—weighing lysimeter, eddy covariance (EC), and balance modeling for the 2014 sorghum 2016 corn crop seasons in Bushland, Texas. Our results suggest that EC system were evidently associated with two opposite evapotranspiration (ET) hysteresis patterns respect to net radiation water vapor pressure deficit...

A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relative effects of measurement errors in climate data input parameters on accuracy calculated reference crop evapotranspiration (ET) using ASCE-EWRI Standardized Reference ET Equation. Data for period 1995 2008 from an automated weather station located at USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory Bushland, Texas were used analysis. Results indicated that grass (ETos) alfalfa (ETrs) most sensitive wind speed air temperature...

The Ogallala Aquifer has experienced a continuous decline in water levels due to decades of irrigation pumping with minimal recharge. Corn is one the major irrigated crops semi-arid Northern High Plains (NHP) Texas. Selection less water-intensive may provide opportunities for groundwater conservation. Modeling long-term hydrologic impacts alternative can be time-saving and cost-effective field-based experiments. A newly developed management allowed depletion (MAD) scheduling algorithm Soil...

Performance evaluations and corrections of soil water sensors have not been studied using different installation orientations under various irrigation treatments in the Texas High Plains. This study evaluated performance four factory calibration derived field as compared to calibrated neutron moisture meters (NMMs). Sensor was assessed horizontal insertion, laid placement, vertical insertion at 15.2, 45.7, 76.2 cm depths a clay loam with three treatments. Results indicated factory-calibrated...

Abstract The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) provides daily reference evapotranspiration ET ref maps for the contiguous United States using climatic data from North American Land Data Assimilation System NLDAS ). This large‐scale spatial representation of , which is essential regional scale water resources management. used in development are derived observations over surfaces that different short (grass — os or tall (alfalfa rs crops, often nonagricultural settings,...

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the biggest data gaps in water management due to limited ET measurements, and further, spatial variability difficult capture. Satellite-based estimation has great potential for resources planning as it allows agricultural use at field, landscape, watershed scales. However, uncertainties with satellite derived are a major concern. This study evaluates hourly satellite-based from 2001–2010 growing season (May–October) under irrigated dryland conditions both...

Abstract. Fast-response infrared gas analyzers (IRGAs) have been widely used over 3 decades in many ecosystems for long-term monitoring of water vapor fluxes the surface layer atmosphere. While some early IRGA sensors are still these national and/or regional eco-flux networks, optically improved newly employed same networks. The purpose this study was to evaluate performance density and flux data from three generations IRGAs – LI-7500, LI-7500A, LI-7500RS (LI-COR Bioscience, Inc., Nebraska,...

<abstract> <b><sc>Abstract. </sc></b>Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the agricultural water budget and accurate ET estimations are essential for effective irrigation scheduling. Therefore, it an important aspect production agriculture research. Potential crop can be calculated by multiplying reference appropriate coefficient. Reference estimated from meteorological data obtained weather stations sited on surface, e.g., grass or alfalfa. However, station sensor inaccuracies...

<abstract><title><italic>Abstract. </italic></title> Drought is a highly destructive natural phenomenon that affects portions of the United States almost every year. Severe water deficiencies can become catastrophic for agriculture and crop yields. Evapotranspiration (ET) an important component in agricultural budget; thus, it strongly preferred to include ET drought monitoring. Consequently, Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was recently introduced monitor drought....

The southern Ogallala Aquifer continues to deplete due decades of irrigation with minimal recharge. Recently enacted regulations limiting groundwater withdrawals and the potential for farm profitability cotton production systems indicate driving forces increased acreage in Northern High Plains Texas (NHPT). This study focused on evaluating land-use change from corn or winter wheat under dryland conditions Palo Duro watershed (PDW) NHPT using an improved Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)...

Abstract. The use of soil water sensors is commonly advocated to aid and improve irrigation management in crop production systems. However, there are concerns about how sensor type, installation technique, orientation, texture may affect accuracy. A field study was conducted compare the performance three commercially available (Acclima 315L, Decagon GS1, Campbell Scientific 655) a potential (Watermark 200SS) using different orientations horizontal insertion, laid placement, vertical...

Agricultural production in the Texas High Plains (THP) relies heavily on irrigation and is susceptible to drought due declining availability of groundwater climate change. Therefore, it meaningful perform an overview possible change scenarios provide appropriate strategies for adaptation THP. In this study, spatio-temporal variations data were mapped THP during 2000–2009, 2050–2059, 2090–2099 periods using 14 research-grade meteorological stations 19 bias-corrected General Circulation Models...