Melatonin (MT) is a new plant hormone that protects against adverse environmental conditions. In the present study, responses of Wolffia arrhiza exposed to cadmium (Cd) and MT were analyzed. Quantitative analysis precursors its biosynthesis was performed using LC-MS-MS. The photosynthetic pigments phytochelatins (PCs) contents determined HPLC, while protein monosaccharides, stress markers, antioxidant levels spectrophotometric methods. Interestingly, endogenous level substrates in W. 1-100...

Melatonin (MT) and brassinolide (BL) are phytohormones that regulate various physiological processes in plants. This study investigates their effects on Wolffia arrhiza when exposed to cadmium (Cd). Plant hormones were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, while photosynthetic pigments phytochelatins (PCs) analyzed through high-performance chromatography. Protein, monosaccharide levels, antioxidant activities also spectrophotometrically measured. The findings reveal MT BL...

ABSTRACT Interaction with pollinators has been proposed as one of the most important factors shaping diversity flowering plants. Spatial variation in directions selective pressure exerted by drives evolution adaptive differentiation. Across‐population studies flower traits and plant–pollinator interaction are therefore an step to understanding diverse pressures that drive floral zoogamous angiosperms. Here we combine observational data field experiments describe assemblages pollinators,...

Fritillaria is a genus consisting of 130 to 140 species bulbous plants, native temperate regions the northern hemisphere. Generally viewed as an insect pollinated with exception two North American species, gentneri and F. recurva, which are described hummingbird-pollinated Asian imperialis, passerine-pollinated. These pollinator shifts possibly result adaptive changes structure morphology nectary, well change in nectar concentration composition. A study was conducted target group 56 based on...

Brassinolide (BL) represents brassinosteroids (BRs)—a group of phytohormones that are essential for plant growth and development. Brassinazole (Brz) is as a synthetic inhibitor BRs’ biosynthesis. In the present study, responses Wolffia arrhiza to treatment with BL, Brz, combination BL Brz were analyzed. The analysis BRs was performed using LC-MS/MS. photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls) levels determined HPLC, but protein monosaccharides level spectrophotometric...

Nectar is considered to be a primary food reward for most pollinators. It mostly contains sugars, but also has amino acids. The significance of the concentration and composition acids in nectar often less understood than that its volume, sugar composition. However, there trend towards broader approach ecological research, which helps understand properties an context. genus Fritillaria, exhibiting great diversity flower morphology, composition, dominant pollinators, allows possibility study...

Plant-pollinator interactions significantly influence reproductive success (RS) and drive the evolution of pollination syndromes. In context RS, mainly role flower morphology is touched. The importance nectar properties less studied, despite its significance in effectiveness. Therefore, aim this study was to test selection on chemistry generalistic orchid Neottia ovata. 2019–2020, we measured three floral displays six traits, pollinaria removal (PR), female (FRS), determined soil properties....

TaCKX gene family members (GFMs) play essential roles in the regulation of cytokinin during wheat development and significantly influence yield-related traits. However, detailed function most them is not known. To characterize role TaCKX2.2 genes we silenced all homoeologous copies both TaCKX2.2.1 TaCKX2.2.2 by RNAi technology observed effect silencing 7 DAP spikes T1 T2 generations. The levels these developmentally regulated were different generations, which variously determined particular...

24-epibrassinolide overcame the inhibitory effect of brassinazole on barley growth and content brassinosteroids. The present work demonstrates occurrence mainly castasterone, brassinolide cathasterone lower amounts 24-epibrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone, 28-homobrassinolide, typhasterol, 6-deoxocastasterone 6-deoxotyphasterol in 14-day-old de-etiolated (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise). We also investigated endogenous level brassinosteroids (BRs) seedlings treated with (EBL) and/or...

Floral nectar, being a primary reward for insect visitors, is key factor in shaping plant-pollinator interactions. However, little known about the variability nectar traits, which could potentially affect pollinators and reproduction of species. We investigated intraspecific variation traits 14 populations Red-listed plant

The purpose of our study was to determine the role flower structure and nectar composition in shaping reproductive success (RS) generalist orchid Epipactis helleborine natural anthropogenic populations. We supposed that distinct character two groups habitats creates different conditions for plant–pollinator relationships, thus influencing E. Both pollinaria removal (PR) fruiting (FRS) were differentiated between On average, FRS almost times higher than difference population PR smaller but...

Abstract Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. is an aquatic plant belonging to the Lemnaceae family. It does not have leaves, stems, and roots, flowers rarely occur, while body size can reach 1 mm of width 1.3 length. The present study demonstrates endogenous level isoprenoid-derived phytohormones their changes under influence different cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100 µM). A liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis indicated presence abscisic...

The aim of this study was to determine the level reproductive success (RS) in natural and anthropogenic populations generalist orchid Epipactis palustris its dependence on flower structure nectar composition, i.e., amino acids sugars. We found that both pollinaria removal female were high similar all populations, despite differences traits chemistry. Flower structures weakly correlated with parameters RS. Nectar more important shaping RS; although, we noted differentiated selection...

This article is the next part of a series studies documenting influence flower traits on reproductive success (RS) orchids. Knowledge factors influencing RS helps to understand mechanisms and processes crucial for shaping plant-pollinator interactions. The aim present study was determine role structure nectar composition in specialist orchid Goodyea repens, which pollinated by generalist bumblebees. We found high level pollinaria removal (PR) female (fruiting, FRS) as well variation between...