Land and water degradation caused by soil erosion climate change pose major environmental threats, particularly in agricultural watersheds. Soil a catchment leads to low crop yields due declining quality (SQ), productivity sustainability. However, very few studies have been done assess health Kenya, none Narok County. Thus, the aim of this study was evaluate sustainability status Kakia-Esamburmbur catchment, based on identification key indicators (IKI) from large dataset (LDS) 23 indicators,...

Abstract Maintaining good water quality is essential for drinking and agriculture. High crucial irrigation to boost agricultural productivity ensure sustainable resource management. This study used in‐depth physical chemical analysis of samples evaluate the Kakia‐Esamburmbur watershed's sustainability. The Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), developed using 19 indicators Principal Component Analysis (PCA), addressed concerns about soil salinity, sodicity, plant toxicity. revealed SO 4...

The Mkurumudzi River originates in the Shimba hills and runs through Kwale County on Kenyan Coast. Study this river has been informed by many economic activities that supports, which include sugarcane plantations, mining, tourism subsistence farming. main objective of study was to use soil moisture accounting (SMA) model specified Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) settings for continuous modeling stream flow catchment. Data from past years were compared with...

This study examined the trends in annual rainfall and temperature extremes over Vea catchment for period 1985–2016, using quality-controlled stations a high resolution (5 km) Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data. The CHIRPS gridded precipitation data’s ability reproducing climatology of was evaluated. extreme indices were computed RClimdex package by considering seventeen (17) climate change from Expert Team on Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI)....

The Upper catchments of the Nzoia River basin in western Kenya. potential streamflow responses to climate change upper are studied. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was forced with monthly temperature precipitation scenarios for periods 2011–2040 (2020s), 2041–2070 (2050s) 2071–2100 (2080s). Data from 10 models three greenhouse gases emission downscaled using delta method used SWAT model. Streamflow data 1986–1998 1973–1985 model calibration validation respectively. Comparison between...

Abstract. East African forested mountain regions are vital in generating and supplying water resources to adjacent arid semi-arid lowlands. However, these ecosystems under pressure from both climate land use changes. This study aimed analyze the effects of changes on yield using Budyko framework as a first-order conceptual assuming steady-state for pristine/protected areas. For nine selected towers Africa, amount distribution their decadal were analyzed. Results show that most areas inside...

How to cope with climate variability and adapt change are key challenges for smallholder farmers globally. In low-income countries, have typically received little, if any locally relevant weather or information. Although services contributed increased availability accessibility of information, this has rarely achieved the desired impacts farmers' decision-making, adaptation resilience change. This been attributed a lack engagement intended users information top-down approach development...

Abstract Thika Dam, with a storage capacity of 70,000,000 m 3 at full and situated an altitude 2041 above sea level, supplies 84% the total water used by Nairobi city its surrounding areas. Since becoming operational in 1994, dam has been providing through Ngethu Water Treatment Plant. Due to rapid population growth neighboring towns, demand risen significantly, leading construction Northern Collector Tunnel (NCT 1) augment dam's inflows. The Kigoro Plant was also constructed help meet...

Diverse stakeholders in rural landscapes commonly have distinct and often conflicting needs interests for the available water resources resulting complex human-water interactions, especially water-scarce regions. In such landscapes, resolving among individual viewpoints moving toward collective human–water perspectives is paramount to achieving sustainable management of decreasing resources. Serious games been proposed as participatory tools (social) learning contested however impact...

Abstract The increase in water contaminants threatens ecosystems and human health, underscoring the need for effective quality (WQ) control. This study assessed Kakia‐Esamburmbur catchment's sustainability status drinking purposes by analyzing samples from catchment. In‐depth physical, chemical, microbiological investigations were undertaken using a dual approach. entailed Water Quality Index (WQI) domestic uses applying health risk assessment model. revealed that turbidity, total viable...

Gully erosion is the most intensive type of water and it leads to land degradation across world. Therefore, analyzing spatial occurrence this phenomenon crucial for management. The objective research was predict gully susceptibility in Kakia-Esamburmbur catchment Narok, Kenya, which badly affected by erosion. GIS ensemble techniques using weight evidence (WoE) logistic regression (LR) models were used map First, 130 gullies detected study area portioned out 70:30 training validation,...

Degradation of agricultural watersheds often reduces their capacity to provide ecosystem services such as sediment retention, flow regulation, and water quality improvement. Soil conservation practices can be used enhance the produce these services. The objective this study was evaluate impact on yield using Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. area Sasumua Watershed (107 km² [43 mi²]), where land degradation has affected watershed9s regulate maintain quality. model...

Food and water are at the heart of sustainable development. Roof-harvested rainwater kept in storage systems (RSS) used household agriculture (HA) has potential to increase yields supplement nutrition. Combined may contribute least eight United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this paper, a daily analysis tool, ERain, is assess what area vegetables can be reliably irrigated by roof-harvested rainwater. A socio-economic context built around an orphanage semi-humid region...

Temporal variability analysis of rainfall and river discharges is useful in determining the likelihood occurrence extreme events such as drought or flooding for purposes developing policies to mitigate their effects. This study investigated temporal into Lake Nakuru, Kenya using meteorological indicators hydrological from 1981 2018. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) evaporation (SPEI) were used characterize drought, while streamflow (SDI) was drought. A SWAT model applied prediction...

Due to population growth and an expanding economy, land use/land cover (LULC) change is continuously intensifying its effects on floods in Kakia Esamburmbur sub-catchments Narok town, Kenya, are increasing. This study was carried out order evaluate the influence of LULC changes peak discharge flow volume aforementioned areas. The Event-Based Approach for Small Ungauged Basins (EBA4SUB) rainfall–runoff model used under different assumed scenarios that were projected starting from a diachronic...

Upper Ewaso Ng'iro catchment is located in Eastern Africa – a water-scarce region. Streamflow decline the despite pattern of increasing amounts rainfall East African This study explored historical human-water interplays to understand coevolution hydrological systems and societal development identify dominant features contributing water deficits water-related conflicts lowland zone catchment. A socio-hydrological conceptual framework was used mimic explain two-way coupling between human...

Narok town is one of the places in Kenya which experience catastrophic floods. Many lives have been lost and valuable property destroyed recent years. Change land use/land cover upstream area may contributed significantly to severity frequency flooding events. Runoff, contributes floods town, comes from Kakia Esamburmbur sub-catchments Enkare watershed. The objective this study was assess impact change on hydrology sub-watersheds. To detect change, Landsat satellite images 1985 2019 were...

Abstract. Water-related conflicts in river catchments occur due to both internal and external pressures that affect catchment water availability. Lack of common understanding human–water perspectives by stakeholders increases the complexity issues at scale. Among a range participatory approaches, development use serious games gained prominence as tool stimulate discussion reflection among about sustainable resource collective action. This study designed implemented ENGAGE (Exploring New...

Flood management requires in-depth computational modelling through assessment of flood return period and river flow data in order to effectively analyze catchment response. The participatory geographic information system (PGIS) is a tool which increasingly used for collecting decision making on environmental issues. This study sought determine the periods major floods that happened Narok Town, Kenya, using rainfall frequency analysis PGIS. For this purpose, number statistical distribution...

Participatory Rural Appraisal was used to compare stakeholder perceptions of spatial and temporal variation in tree cover water availability using Uganda’s Mt. Elgon Water Tower as a case study. This study guided by the research question: How do multi-level stakeholders’ changes tree-cover vary across scales tower? Five tools were applied understand perspectives on availability. Data collected from farmers’ focus group discussions, key experts local government offices structured household...