Contributors. Prologue. 1. Introduction: The Scope of Conservation Genetics Part I: Case Histories with a Focus on Particular Taxonomic Groups. 2. Population Structure, Molecular Systematics and Forensic Identification Whales Dolphins C.S. Baker, S.R. Palumbi 3. the Felidae S.J. O'Brien, et al. 4. in Canidae R.K. Wayne 5. Socioecology, Fragmentation Patterns Genetic Loss Endangered Primates T.R. Pope 6. Avian S.M. Haig, J.C. Avise 7. Marine Turtles B.W. Bowen, 8. Salmonid Fishes F.W....

A method for extraction of enzymes from mature leaves a diversity trees is described. The methods tissue preparation allow samples to be collected at any time year regardless the reproductive state plant. We have used this detect six enzyme polymorphisms in ponderosa pine and we present evidence show that genes coding these proteins are simple Mendelian loci.

Microgeographical distribution of alleles five enzyme loci and one morphological variant has been determined within populations A. barbata occupying sites that are transitional between different vegetational zones. The results show the spatial is nonrandom highly correlated with habitat in patterns parallel same major climatic zones California. It concluded observed variation best explained by Neo-Darwinian evolutionary models, which selection plays a predominant role.

Large areas of continuous tropical forests are rapidly becoming fragmented as a result human activities, prompting growing need for Information on the reproductive and genetic responses tree species to disturbance. Here we review literature pollen dispersal in forest stands order identify factors expected enhance or inhibit interfragment flow. We then describe two empirical studies effects fragmentation flow Neotropical populations Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) five monoecious Ficus...

Tropical forest fragmentation threatens biodiversity, yet basic information on population responses for major groups such as plants is lacking. Hypervariable genetic markers were used to reconstruct a population-level pedigree in fragmented tropical the tree Symphonia globulifera. Though seedlings occurred only remnant forest, showed that most had been produced by sequentially fewer adults pasture, creating bottleneck. The also implicated shifts foraging of animals disperse pollen and seed...

Studies of mating patterns tropical trees, typically involving common species, have revealed that most species are outcrossed and that, in some cases, a significant fraction outcross pollen moves long distances. We evaluated systems effective dispersal for three hermaphroditic, insect-pollinated Neotropical tree Calophyllum longifolium, Spondias mombin, Turpinia occidentalis, all which occurred at low adult densities the study site. Mating were estimated each maternal within 84-ha...

Estimates of genetic diversity maintained by plant species and its distribution within among populations allows geneticists to predict, in a general way, the evolutionary potential species. Single‐gene markers, particularly allozymes, have been used measure In this paper, allozyme literature was reviewed compare levels variation crop non‐crop Crop (plant intentionally cultivated humans) more as whole than other seed species, although mean partitioned similar that Populations were genetically...

A model is developed to demonstrate how mast years increase the effectiveness of wind pollination. The based on seven assumptions relating timing and distribution reproductive effort. Field data from reproduction in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) relaxing some influences Relaxing five raises or lowers, but does not eliminate, advantage increased fecundity resulting having extreme variation annual characteristic species with years, If two are relaxed, quickly loses relevance. These that (1)...

We developed genetic markers for three microsatellite loci in the tropical tree Symphonia globulifera and used them to examine demographic consequences of forest fragmentation. High levels variation were revealed samples adults, saplings, seedlings. The more‐variable exhibited less stability allelic composition across sites stages. number alleles per hectare (ha) was similar when continuous plots compared from fragmented all This pattern also held unique multilocus adult sapling genotypes,...

This paper reviews recent developments in plant population genetics and evolution. Topics discussed include: 1) levels of genetic variation within among populations; 2) gene flow; 3) mating systems; 4) selection adaptation; 5) the structure natural populations. The current status each topic is briefly reviewed suggestions are made areas where additional research needed.

We studied variation in flowering phenology, fruit and seed set, the abundance of pollinators four species night-blooming Sonoran Desert columnar cacti for up to eight years at one site Mexico year Arizona. determined how spatiotemporal plant–pollinator interactions affects evolution generalized pollination systems. conducted pollinator exclusion hand experiments document annual variability reliability determine whether systems were redundant (different are partially or totally...

L'electrophorese sur gel d'amidon constitue une methode puissante et economiquement abordable pour estimer la variabilite genetique des especes vegetales de leurs populations. Les loci d'alloenzymes representent caracteres typiquement monogeniques, qui se recombinent facon independante affichent alleles co-dominants. Des tailles d'echantillon variant 30-50 individus analyses 10-20 polymorphes s'averent suffisantes caracteriser adequate diversite d'une population evaluer comment repartit...

Abstract. The mutualistic interaction of figs with their species‐specific wasp pollinators and the role as ‘keystone’ plant resources in tropical communities has received substantial attention from both animal ecologists. Despite this focus on reproductive biology figs, minute size wasps effectively precluded our ability to monitor patterns dispersal fig mating relationships natural forest habitats. In paper we use genetic markers genealogy reconstruction techniques examine breeding...

Abstract Several approaches were used to study the breeding structure of tropical tree populations located on Barro Colorado Island, Republic Panama. Allozyme analyses 16 woody species indicated that distribution genetic diversity among collection sites was closely associated with species’breeding system and seed dispersal mechanism. Low levels observed separated by 1–2 km indicate intersite gene flow is high. Estimates proportion outcrossing obtained for seven majority (6) highly...

Allozyme diversity was examined in four rare, high‐montane plant species from the Appalachian Mountains of southeastern North America. These may represent relictual members or descendants an alpine community that more widespread during late Pleistocene. We sampled five populations Geum radiatum (Rosaceae), Carex misera (Cyperaceae), Trichophorum cespitosum and known Calamagrostis cainii (Poaceae). Genetic low for all but typical found with limited ranges. Low genetic reflect historical...

Abstract.— Distinguishing the historical effects of gene migration and vicariance on contemporary genetic structure is problematic without testable biogeographic hypotheses based preexisting geological environmental evidence. The availability such for North America's Sonoran Desert has contributed to our understanding effect dispersal events diversification this region's vertebrate biota but have not yet been applied its flora. In paper we describe a detailed allozyme analysis population...

Relationships involving progenitor and derivative species pairs have been documented for a number of plant taxa. In this study, we used starch-gel electrophoresis to examine the probable relationship between Cirsium pitcheri, an endemic thistle restricted shorelines Great Lakes, canescens, closely related central Plains (U.S.A.). The shared same enzyme loci but differed greatly in levels genetic diversity. C. pitcheri was genetically much less variable than its congener, with fewer...

Since its introduction into California some two-hundred years ago the slender wild oat (Avena barbata) has become established in a wide variety of habitats. While it is generally restricted to regions with Mediterranean climate, A. barbata may be found on sites whose environments range from rich, mesic agricultural conditions infertile, xeric ridgetop conditions. In areas such as Napa Valley Northern growing environmentally diverse habitats which are located close physical proximity one...