Enteric pathogens have developed mechanisms to disrupt tight junctions and increase gut permeability. Many studies analysed the ability of live probiotics protect intestinal epithelial cells against junction damage caused by bacterial pathogens. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is among that positively modulates barrier regulating expression distribution proteins. We previously reported regulation ZO-1, claudin-14 claudin-2 mediated EcN secreted factors, either free-released or associated...

Dry eye disease (DED) is a high prevalent multifactorial characterized by lack of homeostasis the tear film which causes ocular surface inflammation, soreness, and visual disturbance. Conventional ophthalmic treatments present limitations such as low bioavailability side effects. Lactoferrin (LF) constitutes promising therapeutic tool, but its poor aqueous stability nasolacrimal duct drainage hinder potential efficacy. In this study, we incorporate lactoferrin into hyaluronic acid coated...

Acne is a common skin disorder that involves an infection inside the hair follicle, which usually treated with antibiotics, resulting in unbalanced microbiota and microbial resistance. For this reason, we developed polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating thymol, natural active compound antimicrobial antioxidant properties. In work, optimization physicochemical characterization, biopharmaceutical behavior therapeutic efficacy of novel nanostructured system were assessed.Thymol NPs (TH-NP)...

Gut bacteria release extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as an intercellular communication mechanism that primes the host innate immune system. BEVs from E. coli activate dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequent T-cell responses in a strain-specific manner. The specific immunomodulatory effects were, part, mediated by differential regulation of miRNAs. This study aimed to deepen understanding mechanisms drive analyzing their impact on DC-secreted cytokines exosomes. DCs were challenged with probiotic...

ABSTRACT Objective: Although sucrose is considered the most cariogenic carbohydrate in human diet, question of how many exposures are needed to induce damage on hard dental tissues remains unclear. To approach this question, different frequencies daily exposure were tested a relevant biological caries model. Materials and Methods: Biofilms Streptococcus mutans formed enamel slabs exposed challenges with 10% for 5 min at 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, or 10 times per day. After days, biofilms retrieved...

Thyme oil (THO) possesses excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties which are suitable for skin inflammatory disorders such as acne vulgaris. However, THO is insoluble in water its components highly volatile. Therefore, these drawbacks may be overcome by encapsulation biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles (THO-NPs) that had been functionalized using several strategies. Moreover, cell viability was studied HaCat cells, confirming their safety. In order to assess therapeutic efficacy...

Ocular inflammation is one of the most common comorbidities associated to ophthalmic surgeries and disorders. Since conventional topical treatments present disadvantages such as low bioavailability relevant side effects, natural alternatives constitute an unmet medical need. In this sense, lactoferrin, a high molecular weight protein, promising alternative against inflammation. However, lactoferrin aqueous instability nasolacrimal duct drainage compromises its potential effectiveness....

Purpose: Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent dermal disorders affecting skin health and appearance. To date, there no effective cure for this pathology, majority marketed formulations eliminate both healthy pathological microbiota. Therefore, hereby we propose encapsulation an antimicrobial natural compound (thymol) loaded into lipid nanostructured systems to be topically used against acne. Methods: address issue, carriers (NLC) capable encapsulating thymol, a treatment acne vulgaris,...

The concept of caries as an ecological disease implies the understanding intricate relationships among populating microorganisms. Under frequent sugar exposure, some bacteria from dental biofilm develop pathogenic traits that lead to imbalances (dysbiosis). Depending on which microorganism colonizes surface first, different competition strategies may be developed. Studying interactions in entire is not easy task. In this study, therefore, we modeled interplay these microorganisms using a...

The interconnection between nutrients, metabolites and microbes is a key factor governing the healthy/pathological status of an individual. Thus, microbiota-based research essential in order to better understand human health nutrition. Gut bacteria release membrane vesicles (MVs) as intercellular communication mechanism that allows direct delivery factors prime host’s innate immune system. We have previously shown MVs from intestinal E. coli activate dendritic cells (DCs) strain-specific...

Rickettsia species (spp.) are strict obligate intracellular bacteria, some of which pathogenic in their mammalian host, including humans. One critical feature these stealthy group pathogens is ability to manipulate hostile cytosolic environments benefits. Although our understanding cell biology and pathogenesis evolving, the mechanisms by spp. evade host innate immune detection remain elusive. Here, we show that disease severity wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice infected with typhi (the etiologic...

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is associated with the onset of caries. Since root exposure in patients affected by periodontitis leads to higher caries rates, progressively more severe forms periodontal disease might associate elevated counts S. mutans. To determine whether increasingly destructive are untreated patients. 206 subjects aged 20–75 were classified into three groups according severity disease: 1) gingivitis, 2) chronic slight and 3) moderate or periodontitis. (cfu/mL) obtained...

Apremilast (APR) is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor administered orally in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and active psoriatic arthritis. The low solubility permeability this drug hinder its dermal administration. purpose study was to design characterize an apremilast-loaded microemulsion (APR-ME) as topical therapy for local skin inflammation. Its composition determined using pseudo-ternary diagrams. Physical, chemical biopharmaceutical characterization were...

The present work is focused on the development of novel surface-functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with thymol (TH-NPs) for topical administration enhancing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healing activities against acne. TH-NPs were prepared by solvent evaporation method using different surface functionalization strategies obtaining suitable physicochemical parameters a good short-term stability at 4 °C. Moreover, skin penetration activity assessed in...

The poor water solubility of apremilast (APR) is the main impediment to penetration drug through skin barrier. objective this study was evaluate permeability APR in different solutions enriched with promoters ex vivo samples human skin, and additionally assess its tolerance vivo. To end, 5% promoter were developed, drug’s ability penetrate abdominal evaluated; coefficients permeability, cumulated amounts permeated, flow some parameters likewise, vitro evaluated. results obtained showed that...

<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> synthesizes 3 glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) associated with cariogenic biofilms, while commensal sanguinis</i> produces only one; <i>gtfP</i> and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by SpxB. The aim was to test the hypothesis that under a sucrose-induced challenge, expression of competition-related genes is differentially regulated depending on whether <i>S. or primarily colonize enamel....

Thymol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (TH-NPs) were incorporated into different semi-solid formulations using variable gelling agents (carbomer, polysaccharide and poloxamer). The physicochemically characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index zeta potential. Moreover, stability studies performed by analyzing the backscattering profile showing that gels able to increase at 4 °C. rheological properties showed all viscosity TH-NPs with carbomer highest values. observation dispersed under...

There are a large number of remedies in traditional medicine focused on relieving pain and inflammation. Flavanones have been potential source the search for leading compounds biologically active components, they focus much research development recent years. Eysenhardtia platycarpa is used treatment kidney diseases, bladder infections, diabetes mellitus. Many isolated from this plant, such as flavones, flavanones, phenolic compounds, triterpenoid acids, chalcones, sugars, fatty among others....

The higher molecular weight and low solubility of amphotericin B (AmB) hinders its topical administration. aim this study was to incorporate Bursera graveolens essential oil into an AmB gel (AmB + BGEO gel) in order promote the diffusion drug through skin treatment cutaneous candidiasis. formulation determined using a factorial experiment. Physical chemical parameters, stability, vitro release profile ex vivo permeation human were evaluated. In antimicrobial activity studied strains C....

Frequent consumption of sugars-containing carbonated beverages has been associated with caries, but the consequences on dental biofilm remain unclear. The aim was to evaluate effect commercial and their sugar-free version enamel dentine demineralization cariogenic properties Streptococcus mutans biofilms.Biofilms S. UA159 were grown dentin slabs exposed 3 times/day for 5 min, a cola or orange-flavored beverage version. Biofilms/slabs recovered assess biomass, viable microorganisms, protein...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent about 30% of all global deaths. It is currently accepted that, in the atherogenic process, platelets play an important role, contributing to endothelial activation and modulation inflammatory phenomenon, promoting beginning formation lesions their subsequent thrombotic complications. The objective present work was study using immunohistochemistry, presence platelets, monocytes/macrophages, cell adhesion molecules (CD61, CD163, CD54), two stages...