A5083887007- Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Building materials and conservation
- Conservation Techniques and Studies
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Pigment Synthesis and Properties
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Bee Products Chemical Analysis
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
- Historical and Architectural Studies
- Archaeological Research and Protection
- Phytase and its Applications
- Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Coal and Its By-products
- Dye analysis and toxicity
- Mineralogy and Gemology Studies
- Historical Geography and Cartography
- Visual Culture and Art Theory
- Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials
University of Antwerp
2015-2024
Rijksmuseum
2023-2024
Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage
2020-2023
Province of Antwerp
2014-2015
Over the past years a number of studies have described instability pigment cadmium yellow (CdS). In previous paper we shown how sulfide on paintings by James Ensor oxidizes to CdSO(4)·H(2)O. The degradation process gives rise fading bright color and formation disfiguring white crystals that are present paint surface in approximately 50 μm sized globular agglomerations. Here, study painting "Flowers blue vase" Vincent van Gogh. This differs from case fact (a) varnish was superimposed onto...
Abstract The development of advanced methods for non-destructive selective imaging painted works art at the macroscopic level based on radiation in X-ray and infrared range electromagnetic spectrum are concisely reviewed. Such allow to either record depth-selective, element-selective or species-selective images entire paintings. Camera-based ‘full field’ (that image data parallel) can be discerned next scanning build up distributions a sequential manner by beam over surface an artefact). Six...
Imaging of crystalline phase distributions in heterogeneous materials, either plane projected or virtual cross sections the object under investigation, can be achieved by scanning X-ray powder diffraction employing micro beams and X-ray-sensitive area detectors. Software exists to convert two-dimensional patterns that are recorded these detectors one-dimensional diffractograms, which may analysed broad variety software developed crystallography community. However, tools for construction...
The painter, Vincent van Gogh, and some of his contemporaries frequently made use the pigment chrome yellow that is known to show a tendency toward darkening. This may correspond various chemical compounds such as PbCrO(4) PbCr(1-x)S(x)O(4), each be present in crystallographic forms with different tendencies degradation. Investigations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), mid-Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), Raman instruments (benchtop portable) synchrotron radiation-based micro-XRD absorption near...
Abstract Red lead, a semiconductor pigment used by artists since antiquity, is known to undergo several discoloration phenomena. These transformations are either described as darkening of the caused formation plattnerite (β‐PbO 2 ) or galena (PbS) whitening which red lead converted into anglesite (PbSO 4 (hydro)cerussite (2 PbCO 3 ⋅Pb(OH) ; ). X‐ray powder diffraction tomography, powerful analytical method that allows visualization internal distribution different crystalline compounds in...
A two-length scale spectroscopic approach unveils the composition and degradation state of CdS paints in The Scream by Munch.
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) has recently commissioned the new Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS). gain in brightness as well continuous development of beamline instruments boosts performances, particular terms accelerated data acquisition. This motivated access modes an alternative to standard proposals for beamtime, via "block allocation group" (BAG) mode. Here, we present implemented "historical materials BAG": a community proposal giving 10 institutes opportunity...
We review methods and recent studies in which macroscopic to (sub)microscopic X-ray beams were used for nondestructive analysis characterization of pigments, paint microsamples, and/or entire paintings. discuss the use portable laboratory- synchrotron-based instrumentation describe several variants fluorescence (XRF) elemental imaging combined with diffraction (XRD) absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Macroscopic microscopic (μ-)XRF this method are suitable visualizing distribution key elements...
Abstract This paper presents firm evidence for the chemical alteration of chrome yellow pigments in Van Gogh’s Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam). Noninvasive situ spectroscopic analysis at several spots on painting, combined with synchrotron‐radiation‐based X‐ray investigations two microsamples, revealed presence different types used by Gogh, including lightfast PbCrO 4 and sulfur‐rich PbCr 1− x S O ( ≈0.5) variety that is known its high propensity to undergo photoinduced reduction....
Many western manuscripts were written using iron gall inks. These inks can damage the paper via two major mechanisms: (a) acid hydrolysis, enhanced by humidity, and (b) oxidative depolymerization provoked presence of oxygen free iron(II) ions. The degradation unsized Whatman impregnated with different combinations sulfate, gallic acid, gum arabic was studied at room temperature in order to assess relative importance each mechanism. samples stored various environments including a dry and/or...
In this paper we demonstrate that by means of scanning reflection FTIR spectroscopy, it is possible to record highly specific distribution maps organic and inorganic compounds from flat, macroscopic objects with cultural heritage value in a non-invasive manner. Our previous work involved the recording distributions chemical elements or crystal phases painted works art based on respectively X-ray fluorescence powder diffraction analysis. The use infrared radiation instead X-rays has advantage...
FS-XANES imaging using the Maia detector is proposed for studying chrome yellows alteration in Van Gogh artworks.
Abstract Red lead, a semiconductor pigment used by artists since antiquity, is known to undergo several discoloration phenomena. These transformations are either described as darkening of the caused formation plattnerite (β‐PbO 2 ) or galena (PbS) whitening which red lead converted into anglesite (PbSO 4 (hydro)cerussite (2 PbCO 3 ⋅Pb(OH) ; ). X‐ray powder diffraction tomography, powerful analytical method that allows visualization internal distribution different crystalline compounds in...
Until the 19th century, lead white was most important pigment used in oil paintings. Lead is typically composed of two crystalline carbonates: hydrocerussite [2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2] and cerussite (PbCO3). Depending on ratio between cerussite, can be classified into different subtypes, each with optical properties. Current methods to investigate differentiate subtypes involve invasive sampling a microscopic scale, introducing problems paint damage representativeness. In this study, 17th century...
The use of noninvasive chemical imaging techniques is becoming more widespread for the study cultural heritage artifacts. Recently a mobile instrument macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) scanning was developed, which capable visualizing distribution crystalline (pigment) phases in quasi-flat-painted In this study, MA-XRPD used both transmission and reflection mode analysis three 17th century still life paintings, two paintings by Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606–1684) one copy painting...
Significance Ink, invented in ancient Egypt circa 5,000 y ago, is the established and time-honored medium wherewith humankind commits words to writing. A comprehensive synchrotron-based microanalysis of a considerable corpus Egyptian papyri from Roman period, inscribed with red black inks, reveal hitherto undetected complex composition inks. Highlighted by presence iron, color can be attributed use ocher. Unexpectedly, lead regularly present both inks associated phosphate, sulfate, chloride,...
The degradation of colors in historical paintings affects our cultural heritage both museums and archeological sites. Despite intensive experimental studies, the origin darkening one most ancient pigments known to humankind, vermilion (α-HgS), remains unexplained. Here, by combining many-body theoretical spectroscopy high-resolution microscopic x-ray diffraction, we clarify composition damaged paint work demonstrate possible physicochemical processes, induced illumination exposure humidity...
The darkening of lead chromate yellow pigments, caused by a reduction the ions to Cr(III) compounds, is known affect appearance several paintings Vincent van Gogh. In previous papers this series, we demonstrated that activated light and depends on chemical composition crystalline structure pigments. work, results Part 2 are extended complemented with new study aimed at deepening knowledge nature distribution Cr S species interface between chrome paint nonoriginal coating layer. For purpose,...