Individuals dominate money in politics, accounting for over 90 percent of campaign contributions, yet studies drivers individuals' giving are scarce. We analyze data on all contributions made between 1991 and 2008 by 1,556 people who became S&P 500 CEOs during that interval. exploit variation leadership status these careers to identify being an CEO causes a $4,029 or 137 jump per election cycle personal giving. While some fraction CEOs' can be attributed long-standing preferences, the...

Applying methods of textual analysis to all 119,225 speeches made in the Canadian House Commons between 2006 and 2011, we establish that air pollution reduces speech quality members parliament (MPs). Exposure fine particulate matter concentrations exceeding 15 µg/m3 causes a 2.3% reduction MPs’ (equivalent 2.6 month decrease education). For more difficult communication tasks decrement is equivalent loss 6.5 months schooling. Our design accounts for potential endogeneity exposure controls...

This study evaluates the implications of an existing carbon tax on international trade in agricultural sector. Applying uniformly to all fossil fuels combusted within its borders, province British Columbia unilaterally introduced a July 1, 2008. In 2012, granted exemption from certain sectors. Using commodity‐specific flows and exploiting cross‐provincial intertemporal variation, we find little evidence that is associated with any meaningful effects despite sector being singled out as “at...

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Abstract Little is known about the causal impacts of public transit on local air pollution. Exploiting variation in availability resulting from strikes 18 Canadian cities between 1974 and 2011, this study identifies short‐run effect Our findings indicate that leads to a 3.5 part per billion increase nitrogen oxides while having no statistically significant carbon monoxide or PM 2.5 . Estimates are robust series specification tests magnitudes consistent with calibrated simulation model....

Individuals dominate money in politics, accounting for over 90% of federal campaign contributions, yet studies individuals’ giving patterns are scarce. We construct a new dataset to examine all the contributions made between 1991 and 2008 by 2,198 people who served as S&P 500 CEOs any portion that interval. then exploit variation these leadership status this span their careers identify becoming an CEO causes $4,000 jump per election-cycle personal political relative pre-CEO contribution...

AgriStability is the primary Canadian agricultural risk management program. Recent experience with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle sector demonstrated that output prices are susceptible to both “normal” and sudden, “catastrophic” declines. This paper evaluates program for cow‐calf producers when there potential catastrophic price risk. A simulation model developed. Under a base case scenario, no risk, behaves more like an income support than tool. Risk‐neutral see 12.1%...

Advocates of public transit frequently tout improved air quality as a primary benefit. Yet little is known about the causal impacts on local pollution. Exploiting variation in availability resulting from work stoppages 18 Canadian cities between 1974-2011, this study identifies effect Our findings indicate that leads to 3.5 part-per-billion increase nitrogen oxides while having no statistically significant carbon monoxide or fine particulate matter. Estimates are robust series specification...

Abstract New vehicle feebate programs encourage improved fleet‐wide fuel efficiency; yet analyses of these policies have been limited to ad hoc proposals. In this paper, we exploit an extensive, multi‐year dataset which includes more than 16 million observations evaluate the welfare implications a long‐standing program in Canadian province Ontario. We: (1) show that second‐best optimal feebates can be written as function new Pigouvian taxes; (2) find Ontario's was welfare‐enhancing relative...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between regulatory changes, returns on equity and stock market valuations for Canadian food non‐food agribusinesses. Design/methodology/approach Two empirical approaches are employed. First, an event study used evaluate impact official announcements selected Next, approach introduced by Mishra et al. using Du Pont expansion applied effect regulations firms' accounting profits. Data agribusinesses collected from Bloomberg,...

This study evaluates the implications of an actual carbon tax on international trade in agricultural sector. Applying uniformly to all fossil fuels combusted within its borders, province British Columbia unilaterally introduced a July 1, 2008. In 2012, granted exemption from certain sectors. Using commodity-specific flows and exploiting cross-provincial inter-temporal variation, we find little evidence that is associated with any meaningful effects despite sector being singled out as “at...

Several studies examined the impacts of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis on Canadian agricultural sector. However, few investigations determined on-farm financial repercussions arising from crisis. This study at farm level attributed to BSE Cash flow and hedonic price models were used examine changes in wealth for years 2002 through 2007. While received substantial media coverage, little attention was given exchange rates land values. Data demonstrated that exchange-rate...

New vehicle feebate programs encourage improved fleet-wide fuel efficiency; yet analyses of these policies have been limited to ad hoc proposals. In this paper, we exploit an extensive, multi-year dataset which includes more than 16 million observations evaluate the welfare implications a long-standing program in Canadian province Ontario. We (1) show that second-best optimal feebates can be written as function new Pigouvian taxes; (2) find Ontario’s was welfare-enhancing relative no...

Using data on all vehicles registered in Canadian provinces from 2000-2010, we estimate the elasticity of fuel economy new vehicle stock with respect to gasoline price. We demonstrate that a 10% increase price causes 0.8% improvement vehicles. show consumers dense urban areas respond more changes than other and taxes cause much larger response components This finding has important implications for assessment market-based policies reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Tax policy often breeds controversy, especially when rate changes are motivated by volatile resource sectors. This article examines how provincial tax policies respond to in revenues. Specifically, it (a) estimates the tax–resource elasticity of Canadian provinces and (b) measures sector's contribution volatility gross domestic product (GDP). Empirical results suggest that a $1,000 decrease per capita revenue leads 150 basis point increase province's marginal personal income 3 percent excise...

Unilateral environmental regulation such as carbon taxation continues to raise concerns over leakage and adverse competitiveness effects. The implications of a tax is especially important in Canada, country currently implementing nation-wide price. Still, little known about the quantitative pricing on agricultural sector. Carbon taxes are shown have both cost output effects for cattle producers $40/tCO2e estimated reduce producer surplus by $4.67/cwt feedlots. Of this lost surplus, only...

Tax policy often breeds controversy, especially when rate changes are motivated by volatile resource sectors. This paper examines how provincial tax policies respond to in revenues. Specifically, it (i) estimates the "tax-resource" elasticity for Canadian provinces and (ii) measures sector's contribution volatility of GDP. Empirical results suggest that a $1,000 decrease per capita revenue leads 150bps increase province's marginal personal income 3% excise taxes on gasoline. A variance...

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