Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled with Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) is a commonly used numerical method to model gas-solid flow in fluidised beds and other multiphase systems. A significant limitation of CFD-DEM the feasibility realistic simulation large numbers particles. Coarse-graining (CG) approaches, through which groups multiple individual particles are represented by single, larger particles, can substantially reduce total number while maintaining similar system dynamics. As...

Utilizing three artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) tools, this study explores the prediction of fill level in inclined linear blenders at steady state by mapping a wide range bulk powder characteristics to processing parameters. Predicting levels enables calculation blade passes (strain), known from existing literature enhance content uniformity. We present and train AI/ML models, each demonstrating unique predictive capabilities for level. These models collectively identify...

We present results concerning the important role of system packing in processes density- and inelasticity-induced segregation vibrofluidized binary granular beds. Data are acquired through a combination experimental from positron emission particle tracking simulations performed using discrete method. It is found that due to inelasticity differences between species most pronounced moderately dense systems, yet still exerts significant effect all but highest density systems. Results...

The axial segregation of granular and particulate media is a well-known but little-understood phenomenon with direct relevance to various natural industrial processes. Over the past decades, many attempts have been made understand this phenomenon, resulting in significant number proposed mechanisms, none which can provide full universally applicable explanation. In paper, we show that several mechanisms be simultaneously active within single system, by considering all relevant it possible...

We introduce a new approach to positron emission particle tracking based on machine learning algorithms, demonstrating novel methods for location, tracking, and trajectory separation. The method allows radioactively labeled particles be located, in three-dimensional space, with high temporal spatial resolution, requiring no prior knowledge of the number tracers within system can successfully distinguish multiple separated by distances as small 2 mm. technique's resolution is observed...

Calibration and validation represent crucial but often-overlooked ingredients in the successful application of discrete element method (DEM) simulations. Without rigorous calibration/validation protocols, results DEM simulations can be imprecise or even unphysical, yet all too often methods used by practitioners are at best cursory, worst entirely absent. As particle-handling industries show an increasing interest DEM, it is vital that this issue resolved lest a potentially powerful tool...

The influence of bed composition – that is, the relative proportions different components on mixing fluidised beds containing mixtures Geldart group B and D particles is considerable importance to a variety contemporary industrial processes, such as plastic recycling biomass gasification. In this study, we use Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) analyse detailed, three-dimensional flow dynamics system and, from these measurements, determine rate function composition. Our results show...

Most industrial vertical stirred mills contain a non-uniform set of grinding media sizes. However, this fact is often ignored in simulations, which mostly use monodispersed media. The paper explores the fundamental dynamics when using multiple sizes media, by DEM simulation. Our results suggest that including both large and small one may be able to optimise its performance several manners. energy going into contacts can increased second size, leading more effective grinding. Including...

Abstract Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) is an advanced imaging technique that accurately tracks the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of a radioactively-labelled with sub-millimetre and sub-millisecond precision. By detecting back-to-back 511 keV gamma rays from positron-electron annihilation coincidence events, PEPT can locate particles within highly dense, opaque systems such as fluidised beds, rotating drums, mills. Despite progress made in enhancing precision accuracy...

Using a vertically vibrated, fully three-dimensional granular system, we investigate the impact of dissipative interactions between particles in system and vertical sidewalls bounding it. We find that sidewall dissipation influences various properties bed including, but not limited to, spatial distribution temperatures, functional form velocity distributions, strength convection. Simple, monotonic relationships are observed for all aforementioned properties, including striking linear...

Using a combination of experimental techniques and discrete particle method simulations, we investigate the resonant behaviour dense, vibrated granular system. We demonstrate that bed particles driven by vibrating plate may exhibit marked differences in its internal energy dependent on specific frequency at which it is driven, even if corresponding to oscillations driving system held constant acceleration provided base remains consistently significantly higher than gravitational...

Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) are thought to play an important role in the transition between Leidenfrost and convective states of a vibrated granular bed. This work details experimental observation LFOs, which found be consistently present for range driving frequencies amplitudes, with particles varying material using containers differing properties. The experimentally acquired results show close qualitative quantitative agreement both theory simulations across parameters tested. Strong...

The behaviors of granular systems are sensitive to a wide variety particle properties, including size, density, elasticity, and shape. Differences in any these properties between particles mixture may lead segregation, or ``demixing,'' process great industrial relevance. Despite the known influence geometry systems, considerable fraction research into concerns only uniformly spherical particles. We address, for case vertically vibrated important question whether introduction differing...