This paper presents an electromagnetic (EM) vibration-to-electrical power generator for wireless sensors, which can scavenge energy from low-frequency external vibrations. For most applications, the ambient vibration is generally at very low frequencies (1-100 Hz), and traditional scavenging techniques cannot generate enough proper operation. The reported up-converts environmental vibrations to a higher frequency through mechanical up-converter using magnet, hence provides more efficient...

This paper reports a high-sensitivity low-noise capacitive accelerometer system with one micro-g//spl radic/Hz resolution. The and interface electronics together operate as second-order electromechanical sigma-delta modulator. A detailed noise analysis of accelerometers final goal achieving sub-/spl mu/g resolution is also presented. test results have shown that amplifier thermal sensor charging reference voltage noises are dominant in open-loop mode operation. For closed-loop operation,...

A monolithic three-axis micro-g resolution silicon capacitive accelerometer system utilizing a combined surface and bulk micromachining technology is demonstrated. The consists of three individual single-axis accelerometers fabricated in single substrate using common fabrication process. All devices have 475-/spl mu/m-thick proof-mass, large area polysilicon sense/drive electrodes, small sensing gap (<1.5 /spl mu/m) formed by a2004 sacrificial oxide layer. 7/spl times/9 mm/sup 2/ size, has...

This paper presents a new vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvester using mechanical frequency up-conversion method for harvesting from external low-frequency vibrations within range of 1-10 Hz. The structure consists magnet placed on diaphragm, polystyrene cantilever carrying pick-up coil, and barrier which converts to higher frequency, hence increasing the efficiency system. tested proved generate 88.6 mV 544.7 μW rms power output by up-converting 10-Hz vibration 394 obtained...

This paper presents an electromagnetic (EM) vibration-to-electrical power generator which can efficiently scavenge energy from low-frequency external vibrations. The reported up-converts environmental vibrations to a much higher frequency through novel electro-mechanical up-converter using magnet, and hence provides efficient conversion even at low frequencies. Power is generated by means of induction magnet coils on top resonating cantilever beams. expected maximum single 2.5 /spl mu/W in...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a microelectromechanical-system-based electromagnetic vibration-to-electrical power generator that can harvest energy from low-frequency external vibrations. The efficiency of vibration-based harvesters is proportional to excitation frequency, so the proposed designed convert environmental vibrations higher frequency by employing upconversion (FupC) technique. It has been...

This paper presents a review of capacitive readout front-end circuits for high-precision accelerometers. The primary design parameters and the trade-offs affecting resolution are presented. discussions apply to all microsensor interfaces. Also, high-sensitivity accelerometer interface circuit hybrid-integration with surface/bulk micromachined micro-g is described. first generation resolves 75 aF capacitance on /spl sim/120 pF parasitic 200 kHz sampling rate, second 20 1 MHz rate. overall...

Abstract Background Childhood cancer treatment-induced gonadotoxicity causes permanent infertility/sub-infertility in nearly half of males. The current clinical and experimental approaches are limited to cryopreservation prepubertal testicular strips vitro spermatogenesis which inadequate achieve the expanded spermatogonial stem/progenitor cells vitro. Recently, we reported supportive effect bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cell co-culture is after 14 days culture static conditions mouse...

This paper presents a vibration-based energy harvesting system composed of compact electromagnetic (EM) power generator and highly efficient full-wave interface electronics in system-on-package. The harvests from ambient vibrations, delivers smooth reliable dual rail DC supply to up practical load. harvester module is an in-house double-coil EM transducer which generates AC voltage response low frequency vibrations. Voltage regulation achieved by the at core system, designed rectify input...

This paper presents a method for realizing energy neutral operation on harvesting wireless sensor nodes (WSN) and its implementation, regarding that the available environmental is unpredictable changes over time. The utilizes adaptive duty cycling which provides energy-neutral according to in environment instantaneous state of node through an management circuit. proposed implemented using MicaZ mote as WSN two different vibration-based harvesters: piezoelectric electromagnetic. incorporating...

This paper reports the development of a single cantilever thin film PLD-PZT transducer prototype. The device was experimentally characterized by attaching it on an acoustically vibrating membrane resembling behavior eardrum. Acceleration characteristic sensor attached obtained using Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) as output voltage measured oscilloscope. A 114 mV obtained, when excited at 110 dB Sound Pressure Level (SPL) 1325 Hz. is highest value for piezoelectric in literature to our...

This paper presents an efficient hybrid energy harvesting interface to synergistically scavenge power from electromagnetic (EM) and piezoelectric (PE) sources, drive a single load. The EM harvester output is rectified through self-powered active doubler structure, stored on storage capacitor. then transferred the PE increase damping force charge extraction. total extracted both harvesters more than obtained each independently. operation validated compact wearable platform that includes...

A high-sensitivity, low-noise in-plane (lateral) capacitive silicon microaccelerometer utilizing a combined surface and bulk micromachining technology is reported. The accelerometer utilizes 0.5-mm-thick, 2.4/spl times/1.0 mm/sup 2/ proof-mass high aspect-ratio vertical polysilicon sensing electrodes fabricated using trench refill process. are separated from the by 1.1-/spl mu/m gap formed sacrificial oxide layer. measured device sensitivity 5.6 pF/g. CMOS readout circuit switched-capacitor...

A continuously tunable, circularly polarized X-band microfluidic transmitarray unit cell employing the element rotation method is designed and fabricated. The comprises a double layer nested ring-split ring structure realized as channels embedded in Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using soft lithography techniques. Conductive regions of rings are formed by injecting liquid metal (an alloy Ga, In, Sn), whereas split region air. Movement together with around provides 360 <sup...

This paper presents a self-powered interface circuit to extract energy from ambient vibrations for powering up microelectronic devices.The interfaces piezoelectric harvesting micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) device scavenge acoustic energy.Synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE) technique is deployed through the implementation of novel multistage (MSEE) in 180 nm HV CMOS technology harvest and store energy.The optimized operate with minimum power losses when input limited,...

This paper presents a low-profile and autonomous piezoelectric energy harvesting system consisting of an extraction rectifier maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit for powering portable electronics. Synchronized switch on capacitor-inductor (SSHCI) technique with its unique two-step voltage flipping process is utilized to downsize the ponderous external inductor extend application areas such systems. SSHCI implementation small inductor-capacitor combination enhances efficiency...

Abstract This paper presents an acoustic transducer for fully implantable cochlear implants (FICIs), which can be implanted on the hearing chain to detect and filter ambient sound in eight frequency bands between 250 6000 Hz. The dimensions are conventional surgery compatible. structure is formed with 3 × 0.36 mm active space each layer 5.2 mg total mass excluding packaging. Characterization of carried artificial membrane whose vibration characteristic similar umbo vibration. On membrane,...

This paper presents an electromagnetic (EM) vibration-to-electrical power generator which can efficiently scavenge energy from low-frequency external vibrations. The reported up-converts environmental vibrations to a much higher frequency through novel electro-mechanical up-converter using magnet, and hence provides efficient conversion even at low frequencies. Power is generated by means of induction magnet coils on top resonating cantilever beams. expected maximum single 2.5 /spl mu/W in...

This paper presents the design, optimization and implementation of an electromagnetic type vibration-to-electrical micro energy harvester. The proposed harvester implements a new design employing array parylene cantilevers on which planar gold coils are fabricated. generates voltage by virtue relative motion between stationary magnet. connected electrically in series to sum up output from individual cantilevers. number can be adjusted improve generated power without significantly increasing...