A 2 × (four-element) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) patch antenna system is designed and fabricated for a 2.45-GHz ISM band operation. It uses complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) loading on its ground plane miniaturization. This reduces the single-element size by 76%. The total board of proposed MIMO system, including GND 100 50 0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , while single-patch element has 14 18...

A novel dual-band 4-shaped printed multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system of two elements is designed and fabricated for Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless handheld portable terminals. The low frequency band covered 803-823 MHz, the high 2440-2900 MHz. isolation between was more than 17 dB in after using a defected ground plane structure (DGS) elements. overall size MIMO 50× 100×1.56 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

A dual-band dual-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with enhanced isolation is proposed.The MIMO based on printed 4-shaped elements.Dual band achieved by using an array of capacitively loaded loops (CLLs) the top side board for high improvement and a complementary CLL structure GND plane lower improvement.The operation covers 827-853 MHz higher 2.3-2.98GHz.Two prototypes were investigated to access effect mechanism.Measured 10 dB was observed in operating while...

The carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) is considered an important parameter describing the GPS receiver performance. This paper compares performance of two popular coarse-acquisition (C/A) C/N0 algorithms appearing in literature: variance summing method (VSM) (Psiaki et al., 2003, Psiaki, 2001), and power (PRM) (Van Dierendonck, 1996, Sayre, 2003), terms their estimates 1) additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), 2) narrowband continuous wave interference (CWI), 3) response to quantization...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are extensively being used in exploration, surveillance and military applications. Such often collect data via special sensors send the back to central station wireless links. Embedded wing structure printed antennas will eliminate drag due friction, allow for extended load capability their extra light weight. In this work we present design implementation of a 4-element linear antenna array embedded small UAV structure. The operates 2.4 GHz ISM band....

A shark-fin rooftop multiband antenna for the automotive industry is proposed. The system receives Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) satellite signals Global Positioning System's (GPS) L1-Band and Vertically Linearly (VLP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), cellular frequencies, Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) system. ceramic patch element was used GPS a printed monopole utilizing ground sleeve technique LTE signals. study of four...

This article presents a multiwideband monopole antenna for automotive application in the long-term evolution (LTE) and 5G systems that covers frequency range from 617 MHz to 5 GHz with reasonable rejection on L1/L2/L5 GNSS bands. The is suitable placement car roof within shark-fin radome due its physical dimensions performance. simulated using software then fabricated measured 1 m ground plane vehicle roof. measurement results of prototype are presented plotted terms reflection coefficient,...

This paper introduces a compact Multiple input output (MIMO) antenna system for vehicular application in the sub-6GHz 5G systems that operates middle and high frequency bands from 1.71GHz to 5GHz. The proposed design consists of two symmetrical raised printed monopoles on Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) dielectric material with Partial Ground Plane (PGP) structure improve bandwidth impedance achieve higher isolation across operating range. is an excellent candidate be implement shark-fin housing due...

This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the position availability of automotive grade global positioning system (GPS) receivers intended for Telematics applications utilizing multichannel GPS satellite signal simulator in controlled laboratory environment. Initially, field testing two distinct was conducted an urban canyon environment and foliage assess each receiver's performance. Test scenarios were then developed on order create repeatable stimuli receivers. The take into account...

The use of multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems will be required by next generation wireless to achieve their high throughput data transmissions. In this work, the authors present design and fabrication a 2 × MIMO system for 700 MHz band long-term evolution (LTE) standard. is based on novel 4-shaped geometry that compact in size covers two bands operation. dual-band 734–790 2307–2475 LTE industrial, scientific medical (ISM) bands. It occupies an FR-4 material substrate...

Nowadays, smart mobile devices include more and sensors on board, such as motion (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer), wireless signal strength indicators (WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee), visual (LiDAR, camera). People have developed various indoor positioning techniques based these sensors. In this paper, the probabilistic fusion of multiple is investigated in a hidden Markov model (HMM) framework for mobile-device user-positioning. We propose graph structure to store constructed by during...

A spintronic method of ultra-fast broadband microwave spectrum analysis is proposed. It uses a rapidly tuned spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO) and does not require injection locking. This treats an STNO generating signal as element with oscillating resistance. When external applied to this “resistor” for analysis, it mixed the generated by STNO. The resulting voltage contains “sum” “difference” frequencies, latter produces DC component when frequency matches processed using low pass filter...

Kalman filter (KF) parameter tuning has been dealt with in a limited fashion and usually was left to engineering intuition due unavailable measurements of process noise high dimensionality the problem. In this paper we present simple Neural Network (NN) based approach KF Since trades number runs required for optimal performance, result such is set parameters that gives suboptimal performance. Advantages are: 1) practical framework performance tuning, 2) independent type 3) low obtain quasi...

This paper compares the performance of a modified double exponential filter (DEF) with respect to Kalman for automotive applications that rely solely on position estimation via global-positioning-system receiver. The these two filters was initially analyzed in simulations both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise sources estimates. analysis extended include field data collection vehicle an urban-canyon environment. DEF exhibited better 2-D accuracy simulation efforts.

The design of an eight-element array V-shaped circular printed antennas for vehicular localization is presented. proposed antenna operates in the 2.5-GHz band with a measured bandwidth (BW) approximately 240 MHz. simulation results and field measurements fabricated show high degree correlation. For thorough understanding operation, parametric sweeps are conducted to investigate effect various parameters on its resonance frequency operating BW. mounting rooftops vehicles investigated,...

In recent years, the increasing popularity of smartphones has promoted development location-aware applications. However, highly accurate indoor localization by remains an open problem. this paper, we present WiFi iLocate - a system that can help track location and movement smartphone user in environments. The applies Gaussian process regression to train collected received signal strength (RSS) dataset, particle filter for estimation user's movement. Simulations were conducted MATLAB test...

In this work a 12-element patch planar antenna array is designed, fabricated and tested along with its radio frequency (RF) feed network at 2.45 GHz.The designed to be embedded in the wing structure of fixed hobby-type UAV.The allows for beam steering two degrees freedom (θ b , φ ).The maximum mutual coupling between elements was -25 dB.The RF combiner phase compensated minimize imbalance branches.The measured gain 21.4 3D radiation pattern several angles an outdoor range facility.Measured...

A 12-element planar antenna array with patch elements operating at 2.47 GHz along its integrated feed network is presented. The has beam steering capabilities via the use of digitally controlled radio frequency (RF) phase shifters. and were fabricated on a 3-layer PCB RO4350 material total dimensions 458.8×161×1.27 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . To weight was 229 gm. covered minimum bandwidth 40 MHz. to be within...

A compact multiband monopole antenna is proposed for vehicular roof top shark-fin applications. The covers 5G sub-6 GHz and LTE bands starting at 617 MHz to 5000 the higher GNSS band from 1559 1606 as well V2X 5900 MHz. presented a three-dimensional with two branches cover required size fit inside shark-fin. long branch lower cellular frequency 960 MHz, while short 6000 mounted on double-sided FR4 PCB feeded through cable. multiple (H x L W) of 58 × 37 17 mm3. simulated optimized, then,...

Abstract In this work, we present a performance analysis of two‐phase‐based single‐channel radio‐frequency (RF) direction finding (DF) methods in two wireless environments: open field and an parking lot. A channel model is created for both environments, software receiver used to process the incoming RF signal estimate angle arrival (AOA). The models are compared against measurements from hardware prototype. Results shows 100% pass rate environment when located at exterior center roof car....

A low‐cost, reduced‐size, single‐feed, single‐layer microstrip patch antenna is presented that receives right‐hand circularly polarised satellite signals for the global positioning system's L1‐Band (1575.42 MHz) and left‐hand vertically linearly terrestrial digital audio radio system band (2320–2345 MHz). The proposed constructed of a main central ring surrounding it, both with truncated corners to achieve desired circular polarisation characteristics. two patches are connected each other...