Abstract An unseasonal equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) event occurred in the East/Southeast Asian sector during geomagnetic storm on 1 December 2023, causing strong amplitude scintillations from to middle latitudes. Based observations multiple instruments over a large latitudinal and longitudinal region, spatial features of super EPB were investigated. The developed vertically at fast rising speed ∼470 m/s magnetic equator extended very high latitude more than 40°N, despite that intensity was...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEpitaxial formation of lead sulfide crystals under arachidic acid monolayersX. K. Zhao, J. Yang, L. D. McCormick, and H. FendlerCite this: Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 24, 9933–9939Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100203a065https://doi.org/10.1021/j100203a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle...

Abstract The Low lAtitude long Range Ionospheric raDar (LARID), which consists of two high frequency (HF) radars looking toward the east and west Hainan Island, respectively, has been developed installed at Dongfang (19.2°N, 108.8°E, dip lat. 13.8°N), China. This paper describes system design LARID its first observational results equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) irregularities. antenna array is composed a west‐looking an east‐looking array. Each 20 log‐periodic antennas for transmission...

Abstract An Ionospheric Observational Network for Irregularity and Scintillation in East Southeast Asia (IONISE) is developed to identify study the short‐term fine‐scale ionospheric variations over China. The IONISE network mainly includes three crossed chains of Beidou geostationary satellite total electron content (TEC)/scintillation receivers along 110°E, 23°N, 40°N respectively, multistatic portable digital ionosondes bistatic very high‐frequency radars. Based on observations, we report...

The Hunga–Tonga volcano eruption at 04:14:45 UT on 15 January 2022 produced various waves propagating globally, disturbing the background atmosphere and ionosphere. Coinciding with arrival of perturbation waves, several equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were consecutively generated post-sunset hours over East/Southeast Asian region, largest extension to middle latitudes. These EPBs caused intense L -band amplitude scintillations middle-to-low latitudes, signal fading depths up ~16 dB....

Abstract Equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) irregularities can significantly impact satellite‐based communication and navigation systems. Accurate prediction of EPB occurrence is essential for mitigating these impacts. Using the GNSS receiver network ionosonde data from East Southeast Asia during 2010–2021, rate TEC change index to characterize irregularities, we developed a novel Spatio‐Temporal deep learning model regional short‐term Prediction (STEP). The integrates convolutional neural long...

Abstract Previous studies suggest that the planetary waves in mesosphere and low thermosphere (MLT) could modulate occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) via altering post‐sunset F layer height. Using simultaneous observations by Global Navigation Satellite System receiver networks, two ionosondes separated about 10° longitude, high frequency very radars, we investigated day‐to‐day variations height EPB southeast Asia during quasi‐2‐day wave (QTDW) event July 2023. The results showed...

Abstract An Ionospheric Observation Network for Irregularity and Scintillation in East/Southeast Asia was recently deployed. Using ionospheric total electron content (TEC) from the two crossed Beidou geostationary satellite receiver chains of network along 110°E 23°N Doppler velocity measurements Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E) portable digital ionosonde, we report first observations low latitude TEC oscillations synchronized over a wide longitude range Asia, which occur at nighttime, after main...

Abstract Plasma blob is generally a low‐latitude phenomenon occurring at the poleward edge of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) during post‐sunset periods. Here we report case midlatitude ionospheric blob‐like structures along with super EPBs over East Asia around sunrise May 2024 great geomagnetic storm. Interestingly, appeared both and westward edges EPBs, reached up to 40°N magnetic latitudes, migrated several thousand kilometers together bubble. The total electron content (TEC) inside was...

Abstract This paper reports the ionospheric response to Typhoon Chan‐hom using Global Positioning System network data from China, combined with observations of an ionosonde chain. Two medium‐scale traveling disturbances (MSTIDs) were observed around two landing times Chan‐hom. The MSTID a phase fronts aligned in north‐south direction was detected on east coast China at 16:50–18:40 UT 11 July 2015 and moved westward mean horizontal velocity 268 m/s period 56 min. Then concentric appeared...

Abstract We investigate the ionospheric response to 21 June 2020 annular solar eclipse using multiinstrument observations including ionosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNNS) receivers, COSMIC2, and DMSP SWARM satellites. During course of eclipse, total electron content (TEC) decreased slightly in morning at 20–70°E largely afternoon 80–150°E. However, maximum TEC depletion did not occur obscuration, but stayed close southern edge running totality during near northern elapsed...

Abstract The Meteor and ionospheric Irregularity Observation System (MIOS), which consists of multi‐station optical subsystem at Ledong (18.4°N, 109°E) Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E), radar including a 38.9 MHz all‐sky interferometric 47.5 coherent phased array Ledong, has been in full operational since December 2021. This paper describes the system design first results meteor plasma density irregularities corresponding meteoroids. MIOS few tens video cameras for observing trail spectrum. is...

Abstract Ionospheric equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are usually generated around sunset over to low latitudes. In this study, super EPBs extending middle latitudes were observed, which freshly at both post‐sunset and near‐sunrise periods East/Southeast Asia during the geomagnetic storm on 26–28 February 2023. The (near‐sunrise) EPB persisted ∼4 (8) hours, drifting eastward (westward) up ∼35°N. Strong L‐band scintillations, deep total electron content (TEC) depletions significant...

Abstract This work analyzed the ionospheric disturbances over Asian‐Australian and American sectors during superstorm that started from ∼17 UT on 10 May 2024. During 17–22.5 UT, equatorial ΔH recorded positive negative in Asian due to penetration electric fields (PEFs). The Total Electron Content (TEC) at was enhanced for ∼9 hr within 50°S–40°N, while TEC decreased ∼3 10°S–25°N. equatorward disturbance winds promptly propagated middle low latitudes after 1 of storm onset sector impeded...

Abstract Sporadic E (E s ) structures have been observed occasionally covering a large horizontal scale of more than 1,000 km over China. Their onset locations and propagation features, related generation mechanisms still remain unknown. In this study, statistical analysis large‐scale is performed based on the ionospheric total electron content obtained from ground‐based receiver networks, in combination with data multiple ionosondes The strong mainly occur during summer months, dominant...

Abstract This paper conducts a multi‐instrument analysis of latitudinal plasma density peak at the middle latitudes during early recovery phase April 2023 geomagnetic storm. The total electron content (TEC), F layer, and in situ from Swarm Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites all capture this feature. narrow structure appeared around 50°N extended 40°E to 150°E longitude with prolonged duration about 8 hr sunset midnight. mid‐latitude reveals noticeable equatorward...

Abstract A Low lAtitude long Range Ionospheric raDar (LARID), which was built recently at Dongfang (19.2°N, 108.8°E, magnetic latitude 13.9°), Hainan Is., China, is employed to study the ionospheric variability over a large region. The LARID consists of two high frequency (HF) coherent backscatter radars, looking toward east and west, respectively, with field‐of‐view covering wide longitude from Africa Pacific. Here we report some results by LARID, main focus on its capabilities, advantages...

Abstract Ionospheric F‐region irregularity backscatter plumes are commonly regarded as a nighttime phenomenon at equatorial and low latitudes. Using the Sanya (18.4°N, 109.6°E, dip lat. 12.8°N) VHF radar, echoes were observed daytime during 0700–1800 LT, with an unexpected high occurrence in June solstice of solar minimum. Radar interferometry ICON satellite situ results show that from plume structures consisting field‐aligned irregularities. The echoing appeared mostly above 350 km...

In structural health monitoring, damage detection results always have uncertainty because of three factors: measurement noise, modeling error and environment changes. Data fusion can lead to the improved accuracy a classification decision as compared based on any individual data source alone. Ensemble approaches constitute relatively new breed algorithms used for fusion. this paper, we introduced hierarchical ensemble scheme field. The was Dempster–Shafer (DS) theory Rotation Forest (RF)...

Abstract Ionospheric F region bottom‐type irregularity layer has been frequently detected at equatorial latitude and regarded as a possible precursor of backscatter plumes producing scintillations. In this study, the VHF radar observations ionospheric layers plasma over low‐latitude station Sanya (18.4°N, 109.6°E, dip lat. 12.8°N) during equinoctial months (March, April, September, October) 2011–2018 are analyzed. The results show an asymmetry in occurrence plumes, wherein could be greater...

Abstract Ionospheric day‐to‐day variability is essential for understanding the space environment, while it still challenging to properly quantify and forecast. In present work, of F2 layer peak electron densities (NmF2) examined from both observational modeling perspectives. Ionosonde data over Wuhan station (30.5°N, 114.5°E; 19.3°N magnetic latitude) are compared with simulations specific dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model thermosphere ionosphere eXtension (SD‐WACCM‐X)...

Abstract Ionospheric scintillations caused by equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) can seriously affect various high technology systems based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals at and low latitudes. A reliable prediction of ionospheric scintillation occurrence is critical to relieve the effect. Using long‐term ground‐based GNSS receiver ionosonde data collected in Brazilian longitude sector during 2012–2020, an strong model gradient boosting algorithms extreme (XGBoost), light...